title: Script Interpreter Spawning Credential Scanner - Linux
id: f0025a69-e1b7-4dda-a53c-db21fa2d4071
related:
    - id: 0f60b28c-64dd-4e2c-9a63-5334d3e3a6e6
      type: similar
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects a script interpreter process (like node.js or bun) spawning a known credential scanning tool (e.g., trufflehog, gitleaks).
    This behavior is indicative of an attempt to find and steal secrets, as seen in the "Shai-Hulud: The Second Coming" campaign.
references:
    - https://github.com/asyncapi/cli/blob/2efa4dff59bc3d3cecdf897ccf178f99b115d63d/bun_environment.js
    - https://www.stepsecurity.io/blog/sha1-hulud-the-second-coming-zapier-ens-domains-and-other-prominent-npm-packages-compromised
    - https://www.endorlabs.com/learn/shai-hulud-2-malware-campaign-targets-github-and-cloud-credentials-using-bun-runtime
    - https://semgrep.dev/blog/2025/digging-for-secrets-sha1-hulud-the-second-coming-of-the-npm-worm/
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2025-11-25
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1552
    - attack.execution
    - attack.collection
    - attack.t1005
    - attack.t1059.004
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection_parent:
        ParentImage|endswith:
         # Add more script interpreters as needed
            - '/node'
            - '/bun'
    selection_child:
        - Image|endswith:
              - '/trufflehog'
              - '/gitleaks'
        - CommandLine|contains:
              - 'trufflehog'
              - 'gitleaks'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate pre-commit hooks or CI/CD pipeline jobs that use a script to run a credential scanner as part of a security check.
level: high

title: Script Interpreter Spawning Credential Scanner - Windows
id: 0f60b28c-64dd-4e2c-9a63-5334d3e3a6e6
related:
    - id: f0025a69-e1b7-4dda-a53c-db21fa2d4071
      type: similar
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects a script interpreter process (like node.js or bun) spawning a known credential scanning tool (e.g., trufflehog, gitleaks).
    This behavior is indicative of an attempt to find and steal secrets, as seen in the "Shai-Hulud: The Second Coming" campaign.
references:
    - https://github.com/asyncapi/cli/blob/2efa4dff59bc3d3cecdf897ccf178f99b115d63d/bun_environment.js
    - https://www.stepsecurity.io/blog/sha1-hulud-the-second-coming-zapier-ens-domains-and-other-prominent-npm-packages-compromised
    - https://www.endorlabs.com/learn/shai-hulud-2-malware-campaign-targets-github-and-cloud-credentials-using-bun-runtime
    - https://semgrep.dev/blog/2025/digging-for-secrets-sha1-hulud-the-second-coming-of-the-npm-worm/
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2025-11-25
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1552
    - attack.collection
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1005
    - attack.t1059.007
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_parent:
        ParentImage|endswith:
           # Add more script interpreters as needed
            - '\node.exe'
            - '\bun.exe'
    selection_child:
        - Image|endswith:
              - 'trufflehog.exe'
              - 'gitleaks.exe'
        - CommandLine|contains:
              - 'trufflehog'
              - 'gitleaks'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate pre-commit hooks or CI/CD pipeline jobs that use a script to run a credential scanner as part of a security check.
level: high
regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_susp_script_interpretor_spawn_credential_scanner/info.yml

title: Kubernetes Potential Enumeration Activity
id: 597a7e84-187d-458b-9e4f-2f5a0e676711
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects potential Kubernetes enumeration or attack activity via the audit log.
    This includes the execution of common shells, utilities, or specialized tools like 'Rakkess' (access_matrix) and 'TruffleHog' via Kubernetes API requests.
    Attackers use these methods to perform reconnaissance (enumeration), secret harvesting, or execute code (exec) within a cluster.
references:
    - https://www.nccgroup.com/research/detection-engineering-for-kubernetes-clusters/
    - https://github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog
    - https://github.com/corneliusweig/rakkess
author: uniqu3-us3r
date: 2026-04-28
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1609
    - attack.t1613
logsource:
    product: kubernetes
    service: audit
detection:
    selection_status:
        responseStatus.code: 'ALLOW'
    selection_request_uri:
        requestURI|contains:
            # Shells Encoded
            - '%2fbin%2fash'
            - '%2fbin%2fbash'
            - '%2fbin%2fbusybox'
            - '%2fbin%2fdash'
            - '%2fbin%2fsh'
            - '%2fbin%2fzsh'
            # Shells Plain
            - '/bin/ash'
            - '/bin/bash'
            - '/bin/busybox'
            - '/bin/dash'
            - '/bin/sh'
            - '/bin/zsh'
            # Tools Encoded
            - '%2fusr%2fbin%2fcurl'
            - '%2fusr%2fbin%2fkubectl'
            - '%2fusr%2fbin%2fperl'
            - '%2fusr%2fbin%2fpython'
            - '%2fusr%2fbin%2fwget'
            # Tools Plain
            - '/usr/bin/curl'
            - '/usr/bin/kubectl'
            - '/usr/bin/perl'
            - '/usr/bin/python'
            - '/usr/bin/wget'
    selection_request_user_agent:
        userAgent|contains:
            - 'access_matrix'  # Rakkess
            - 'trufflehog'     # Secret scanning tool
            - 'azurehound'     # Azure/Cloud discovery
            - 'micro-scanner'  # Vulnerability scanning
    condition: selection_status and 1 of selection_request_*
falsepositives:
    - Authorized administrative maintenance via kubectl
    - Automated internal infrastructure monitoring and certificate rotation
    - Security-approved vulnerability or secret scanning in DevSecOps pipelines
level: medium

title: PUA - AWS TruffleHog Execution
id: a840e606-7c8c-4684-9bc1-eb6b6155127f
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects the execution of TruffleHog, a popular open-source tool used for scanning repositories for secrets and sensitive information, within an AWS environment.
    It has been reported to be used by threat actors for credential harvesting. All detections should be investigated to determine if the usage is authorized by security teams or potentially malicious.
references:
    - https://github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog
    - https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/tr-crimson-collective-a-new-threat-group-observed-operating-in-the-cloud/
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2025-10-21
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1555
    - attack.t1003
logsource:
    product: aws
    service: cloudtrail
detection:
    selection:
        userAgent: 'TruffleHog'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of TruffleHog by security teams for credential scanning.
level: medium

title: AWS STS GetCallerIdentity Enumeration Via TruffleHog
id: 9b1b8e9b-0a5d-4af1-9d2f-4c4b6e7c2c9d
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects the use of TruffleHog for AWS credential validation by identifying GetCallerIdentity API calls where the userAgent indicates TruffleHog.
    Threat actors leverage TruffleHog to enumerate and validate exposed AWS keys.
    Successful exploitation allows threat actors to confirm the validity of compromised AWS credentials, facilitating further unauthorized access and actions within the AWS environment.
references:
    - https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/tr-crimson-collective-a-new-threat-group-observed-operating-in-the-cloud/
    - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/STS/latest/APIReference/API_GetCallerIdentity.html
    - https://github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog
author: Adan Alvarez @adanalvarez
date: 2025-10-12
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1087.004
logsource:
    product: aws
    service: cloudtrail
detection:
    selection:
        eventSource: 'sts.amazonaws.com'
        eventName: 'GetCallerIdentity'
        userAgent|contains: 'TruffleHog'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate internal security scanning or key validation that intentionally uses TruffleHog. Authorize and filter known scanner roles, IP ranges, or assumed roles as needed.
level: medium

title: PUA - TruffleHog Execution - Linux
id: d7a650c4-226c-451e-948f-cc490db506aa
related:
    - id: 44030449-b0df-4c94-aae1-502359ab28ee
      type: similar
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects execution of TruffleHog, a tool used to search for secrets in different platforms like Git, Jira, Slack, SharePoint, etc. that could be used maliciously.
    While it is a legitimate tool, intended for use in CI pipelines and security assessments,
    It was observed in the Shai-Hulud malware campaign targeting npm packages to steal sensitive information.
references:
    - https://github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog
    - https://www.getsafety.com/blog-posts/shai-hulud-npm-attack
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2025-09-24
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1083
    - attack.t1552.001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith: '/trufflehog'
    selection_cli_platform:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ' docker --image '
            - ' Git '
            - ' GitHub '
            - ' Jira '
            - ' Slack '
            - ' Confluence '
            - ' SharePoint '
            - ' s3 '
            - ' gcs '
    selection_cli_verified:
        CommandLine|contains: ' --results=verified'
    condition: selection_img or all of selection_cli_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of TruffleHog by security teams or developers.
level: medium

title: PUA - TruffleHog Execution
id: 44030449-b0df-4c94-aae1-502359ab28ee
related:
    - id: d7a650c4-226c-451e-948f-cc490db506aa
      type: similar
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects execution of TruffleHog, a tool used to search for secrets in different platforms like Git, Jira, Slack, SharePoint, etc. that could be used maliciously.
    While it is a legitimate tool, intended for use in CI pipelines and security assessments,
    It was observed in the Shai-Hulud malware campaign targeting npm packages to steal sensitive information.
references:
    - https://github.com/trufflesecurity/trufflehog
    - https://www.getsafety.com/blog-posts/shai-hulud-npm-attack
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2025-09-24
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1083
    - attack.t1552.001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith: '\trufflehog.exe'
    selection_cli_platform:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ' docker --image '
            - ' Git '
            - ' GitHub '
            - ' Jira '
            - ' Slack '
            - ' Confluence '
            - ' SharePoint '
            - ' s3 '
            - ' gcs '
    selection_cli_verified:
        CommandLine|contains: ' --results=verified'
    condition: selection_img or all of selection_cli_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of TruffleHog by security teams or developers.
level: medium
regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_pua_trufflehog/info.yml