title: OpenCanary - HTTPPROXY Login Attempt
id: 5498fc09-adc6-4804-b9d9-5cca1f0b8760
status: test
description: |
    Detects instances where an HTTPPROXY service on an OpenCanary node has had an attempt to proxy another page.
references:
    - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration
    - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52
author: Security Onion Solutions
date: 2024-03-08
tags:
    - attack.initial-access
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1090
logsource:
    category: application
    product: opencanary
detection:
    selection:
        logtype: 7001
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely
level: high

title: Potential ClickFix Execution Pattern - Registry
id: f5fe36cf-f1ec-4c23-903d-09a3110f6bbb
related:
    - id: d487ed4a-fd24-436d-a0b2-f4e95f7b2635
      type: similar
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects potential ClickFix malware execution patterns by monitoring registry modifications in RunMRU keys containing HTTP/HTTPS links.
    ClickFix is known to be distributed through phishing campaigns and uses techniques like clipboard hijacking and fake CAPTCHA pages.
    Through the fakecaptcha pages, the adversary tricks users into opening the Run dialog box and pasting clipboard-hijacked content,
    such as one-liners that execute remotely hosted malicious files or scripts.
references:
    - https://github.com/JohnHammond/recaptcha-phish
    - https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/deepseek-lure-using-captchas-spread-malware
    - https://www.threatdown.com/blog/clipboard-hijacker-tries-to-install-a-trojan/
    - https://app.any.run/tasks/5c16b4db-4b36-4039-a0ed-9b09abff8be2
    - https://www.esentire.com/security-advisories/netsupport-rat-clickfix-distribution
    - https://medium.com/@boutnaru/the-windows-foreniscs-journey-run-mru-run-dialog-box-most-recently-used-57375a02d724
    - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/preventing-clickfix-attack-vector/
    - https://medium.com/@poudelswachchhanda123/preventing-lnk-and-fakecaptcha-threats-a-system-hardening-approach-2f7b7ed2e493
    - https://www.scpx.com.au/2025/11/16/decades-old-finger-protocol-abused-in-clickfix-malware-attacks/
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2025-03-25
modified: 2025-11-19
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1204.001
logsource:
    category: registry_set
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_registry:
        TargetObject|contains: '\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\RunMRU\'
    selection_details:
        Details|contains:
            - 'http://'
            - 'https://'
    selection_susp_pattern:
        - Details|contains:
              # Add more suspicious keywords
              - 'account'
              - 'anti-bot'
              - 'botcheck'
              - 'captcha'
              - 'challenge'
              - 'confirmation'
              - 'fraud'
              - 'human'
              - 'identification'
              - 'identificator'
              - 'identity'
              - 'robot'
              - 'validation'
              - 'verification'
              - 'verify'
        - Details|contains:
              - '%comspec%'
              - 'bitsadmin'
              - 'certutil'
              - 'cmd'
              - 'cscript'
              - 'curl'
              - 'finger'
              - 'mshta'
              - 'powershell'
              - 'pwsh'
              - 'regsvr32'
              - 'rundll32'
              - 'schtasks'
              - 'wget'
              - 'wscript'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate applications using RunMRU with HTTP links
level: high

title: Potential Persistence Via Outlook Today Page
id: 487bb375-12ef-41f6-baae-c6a1572b4dd1
related:
    - id: ddd171b5-2cc6-4975-9e78-f0eccd08cc76
      type: similar
status: test
description: |
    Detects potential persistence activity via outlook today page.
    An attacker can set a custom page to execute arbitrary code and link to it via the registry values "URL" and "UserDefinedUrl".
references:
    - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-persistence-via-microsoft-exchange-server-or-outlook?slide=74
    - https://trustedsec.com/blog/specula-turning-outlook-into-a-c2-with-one-registry-change
author: Tobias Michalski (Nextron Systems), David Bertho (@dbertho) & Eirik Sveen (@0xSV1), Storebrand
date: 2021-06-10
modified: 2024-08-07
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1112
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: registry_set
detection:
    selection_main:
        TargetObject|contains|all:
            - 'Software\Microsoft\Office\'
            - '\Outlook\Today\'
    selection_value_stamp:
        TargetObject|endswith: '\Stamp'
        Details: 'DWORD (0x00000001)'
    selection_value_url:
        TargetObject|endswith:
            - '\URL'
            - '\UserDefinedUrl'
    filter_main_office:
        Image|startswith:
            - 'C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\ClickToRun\'
            - 'C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\ClickToRun\Updates\'
        Image|endswith: '\OfficeClickToRun.exe'
    condition: selection_main and 1 of selection_value_* and not 1 of filter_main_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Potential Persistence Via Outlook Home Page
id: ddd171b5-2cc6-4975-9e78-f0eccd08cc76
related:
    - id: 487bb375-12ef-41f6-baae-c6a1572b4dd1
      type: similar
status: test
description: |
    Detects potential persistence activity via outlook home page.
    An attacker can set a home page to achieve code execution and persistence by editing the WebView registry keys.
references:
    - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-persistence-via-microsoft-exchange-server-or-outlook?slide=70
    - https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/outlook-home-page-feature-is-missing-in-folder-properties-d207edb7-aa02-46c5-b608-5d9dbed9bd04?ui=en-us&rs=en-us&ad=us
    - https://trustedsec.com/blog/specula-turning-outlook-into-a-c2-with-one-registry-change
author: Tobias Michalski (Nextron Systems), David Bertho (@dbertho) & Eirik Sveen (@0xSV1), Storebrand
date: 2021-06-09
modified: 2024-08-07
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1112
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: registry_set
detection:
    selection:
        TargetObject|contains|all:
            - '\Software\Microsoft\Office\'
            - '\Outlook\WebView\'
        TargetObject|endswith: '\URL'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Arbitrary Shell Command Execution Via Settingcontent-Ms
id: 24de4f3b-804c-4165-b442-5a06a2302c7e
status: test
description: The .SettingContent-ms file type was introduced in Windows 10 and allows a user to create "shortcuts" to various Windows 10 setting pages. These files are simply XML and contain paths to various Windows 10 settings binaries.
references:
    - https://posts.specterops.io/the-tale-of-settingcontent-ms-files-f1ea253e4d39
author: Sreeman
date: 2020-03-13
modified: 2022-04-14
tags:
    - attack.t1204
    - attack.t1566.001
    - attack.execution
    - attack.initial-access
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        CommandLine|contains: '.SettingContent-ms'
    filter:
        CommandLine|contains: 'immersivecontrolpanel'
    condition: selection and not filter
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: medium

title: CodePage Modification Via MODE.COM To Russian Language
id: 12fbff88-16b5-4b42-9754-cd001a789fb3
related:
    - id: d48c5ffa-3b02-4c0f-9a9e-3c275650dd0e
      type: derived
status: test
description: |
    Detects a CodePage modification using the "mode.com" utility to Russian language.
    This behavior has been used by threat actors behind Dharma ransomware.
references:
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/intl/code-page-identifiers
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mode
    - https://strontic.github.io/xcyclopedia/library/mode.com-59D1ED51ACB8C3D50F1306FD75F20E99.html
    - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/5e75ef02517afd6e8ba6462b19217dc4a5a574abb33d10eb0f2bab49d8d48c22/behavior
author: Joseliyo Sanchez, @Joseliyo_Jstnk
date: 2024-01-17
tags:
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1036
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    # VT Query: behavior:"mode con cp select=1251"
    # VT Query: behavior:"mode con cp select=866"
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '\mode.com'
        - OriginalFileName: 'MODE.COM'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - ' con '
            - ' cp '
            - ' select='
        CommandLine|endswith:
            - '=1251' # ANSI Cyrillic; Cyrillic (Windows) - Observed ITW by Dharma ransomware
            - '=866' # OEM Russian; Cyrillic (DOS) - Observed ITW by other malware
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Russian speaking people changing the CodePage
level: medium

title: Console CodePage Lookup Via CHCP
id: 7090adee-82e2-4269-bd59-80691e7c6338
status: test
description: Detects use of chcp to look up the system locale value as part of host discovery
references:
    - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/04/04/stolen-images-campaign-ends-in-conti-ransomware/
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/chcp
author: _pete_0, TheDFIRReport
date: 2022-02-21
modified: 2024-03-05
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1614.001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        ParentImage|endswith: '\cmd.exe'
        ParentCommandLine|contains|windash:
            - ' -c '
            - ' -r '
            - ' -k '
        Image|endswith: '\chcp.com'
        CommandLine|endswith:
            - 'chcp'
            - 'chcp '
            - 'chcp  '
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - During Anaconda update the 'conda.exe' process will eventually execution the 'chcp' command.
    - Discord was seen using chcp to look up code pages
level: medium
regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_chcp_codepage_lookup/info.yml

title: Suspicious CodePage Switch Via CHCP
id: c7942406-33dd-4377-a564-0f62db0593a3
status: test
description: Detects a code page switch in command line or batch scripts to a rare language
references:
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/intl/code-page-identifiers
    - https://twitter.com/cglyer/status/1183756892952248325
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Jonhnathan Ribeiro, oscd.community
date: 2019-10-14
modified: 2023-03-07
tags:
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1036
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '\chcp.com'
        CommandLine|endswith:
            - ' 936'    # Chinese
            # - ' 1256' # Arabic
            - ' 1258'   # Vietnamese
            # - ' 855'  # Russian
            # - ' 866'  # Russian
            # - ' 864'  # Arabic
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Administrative activity (adjust code pages according to your organization's region)
level: medium
regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_chcp_codepage_switch/info.yml

title: GitHub Repository Pages Site Changed to Public
id: 0c46d4f4-a2bf-4104-9597-8d653fc2bb55
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects when a GitHub Pages site of a repository is made public. This usually is part of a publishing process but could indicate or lead to potential unauthorized exposure of sensitive information or code.
references:
    - https://docs.github.com/en/pages/getting-started-with-github-pages/creating-a-github-pages-site
    - https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/exploiting-repos-6-ways-threat-actors-abuse-github-other-devops-platforms
    - https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/keeping-your-account-and-data-secure/security-log-events
author: Ivan Saakov
date: 2025-10-18
tags:
    - attack.collection
    - attack.exfiltration
    - attack.t1567.001
logsource:
    product: github
    service: audit
detection:
    selection:
        action: 'repo.pages_public'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate publishing of repository pages by authorized users
level: low

title: Failed Code Integrity Checks
id: 470ec5fa-7b4e-4071-b200-4c753100f49b
status: stable
description: |
    Detects code integrity failures such as missing page hashes or corrupted drivers due unauthorized modification. This could be a sign of tampered binaries.
references:
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-5038
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-6281
author: Thomas Patzke
date: 2019-12-03
modified: 2025-01-19
tags:
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1027.001
logsource:
    product: windows
    service: security
detection:
    selection:
        EventID:
            - 5038
            - 6281
    filter_optional_crowdstrike:
        param1|contains:
            - '\CSFalconServiceUninstallTool_'
            - '\Program Files\CrowdStrike\'
            - '\System32\drivers\CrowdStrike\'
            - '\Windows\System32\ScriptControl64_'
    filter_optional_sophos:
        param1|contains: '\Program Files\Sophos\'
    condition: selection and not 1 of filter_optional_*
falsepositives:
    - Disk device errors
level: informational

title: Suspicious Network Communication With IPFS
id: eb6c2004-1cef-427f-8885-9042974e5eb6
status: test
description: Detects connections to interplanetary file system (IPFS) containing a user's email address which mirrors behaviours observed in recent phishing campaigns leveraging IPFS to host credential harvesting webpages.
references:
    - https://blog.talosintelligence.com/ipfs-abuse/
    - https://github.com/Cisco-Talos/IOCs/tree/80caca039988252fbb3f27a2e89c2f2917f582e0/2022/11
    - https://isc.sans.edu/diary/IPFS%20phishing%20and%20the%20need%20for%20correctly%20set%20HTTP%20security%20headers/29638
author: Gavin Knapp
date: 2023-03-16
tags:
    - attack.collection
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1056
logsource:
    category: proxy
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri|re: '(?i)(ipfs\.io/|ipfs\.io\s).+\..+@.+\.[a-z]+'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of IPFS being used in the organisation. However the cs-uri regex looking for a user email will likely negate this.
level: low