title: Cisco Crypto Commands
id: 1f978c6a-4415-47fb-aca5-736a44d7ca3d
status: test
description: Show when private keys are being exported from the device, or when new certificates are installed
references:
    - https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/security/a1/sec-a1-cr-book/sec-a1-cr-book_chapter_0111.html
author: Austin Clark
date: 2019-08-12
modified: 2023-01-04
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1553.004
    - attack.t1552.004
logsource:
    product: cisco
    service: aaa
detection:
    keywords:
        - 'crypto pki export'
        - 'crypto pki import'
        - 'crypto pki trustpoint'
    condition: keywords
falsepositives:
    - Not commonly run by administrators. Also whitelist your known good certificates
level: high

title: Root Certificate Installed From Susp Locations
id: 5f6a601c-2ecb-498b-9c33-660362323afa
status: test
description: Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers.
references:
    - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/09/07/profiling-dev-0270-phosphorus-ransomware-operations/
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/pki/import-certificate?view=windowsserver2022-ps
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-09-09
modified: 2023-01-16
tags:
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1553.004
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - 'Import-Certificate'
            - ' -FilePath '
            - 'Cert:\LocalMachine\Root'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '\AppData\Local\Temp\'
            - ':\Windows\TEMP\'
            - '\Desktop\'
            - '\Downloads\'
            - '\Perflogs\'
            - ':\Users\Public\'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely
level: high

title: New Root Certificate Installed Via CertMgr.EXE
id: ff992eac-6449-4c60-8c1d-91c9722a1d48
related:
    - id: 42821614-9264-4761-acfc-5772c3286f76
      type: derived
    - id: 46591fae-7a4c-46ea-aec3-dff5e6d785dc
      type: obsolete
status: test
description: |
    Detects execution of "certmgr" with the "add" flag in order to install a new certificate on the system.
    Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1553.004/T1553.004.md
    - https://securelist.com/to-crypt-or-to-mine-that-is-the-question/86307/
author: oscd.community, @redcanary, Zach Stanford @svch0st
date: 2023-03-05
tags:
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1553.004
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    # Example: CertMgr.exe /add CertificateFileName.cer /s /r localMachine root /all
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '\CertMgr.exe'
        - OriginalFileName: 'CERTMGT.EXE'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - '/add'
            - 'root'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Help Desk or IT may need to manually add a corporate Root CA on occasion. Need to test if GPO push doesn't trigger FP
level: medium

title: New Root Certificate Installed Via Certutil.EXE
id: d2125259-ddea-4c1c-9c22-977eb5b29cf0
related:
    - id: 42821614-9264-4761-acfc-5772c3286f76
      type: derived
    - id: 46591fae-7a4c-46ea-aec3-dff5e6d785dc
      type: obsolete
status: test
description: |
    Detects execution of "certutil" with the "addstore" flag in order to install a new certificate on the system.
    Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1553.004/T1553.004.md
author: oscd.community, @redcanary, Zach Stanford @svch0st
date: 2023-03-05
modified: 2024-03-05
tags:
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1553.004
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    # Example: certutil -addstore -f -user ROOT CertificateFileName.der
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '\certutil.exe'
        - OriginalFileName: 'CertUtil.exe'
    selection_cli_add:
        CommandLine|contains|windash: '-addstore'
    selection_cli_store:
        CommandLine|contains: 'root'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Help Desk or IT may need to manually add a corporate Root CA on occasion. Need to test if GPO push doesn't trigger FP
level: medium
regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_certutil_certificate_installation/info.yml

title: Root Certificate Installed - PowerShell
id: 42821614-9264-4761-acfc-5772c3286f76
status: test
description: Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1553.004/T1553.004.md
author: 'oscd.community, @redcanary, Zach Stanford @svch0st'
date: 2020-10-10
modified: 2022-12-02
tags:
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1553.004
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: ps_script
    definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled'
detection:
    selection1:
        ScriptBlockText|contains|all:
            - 'Move-Item'
            - 'Cert:\LocalMachine\Root'
    selection2:
        ScriptBlockText|contains|all:
            - 'Import-Certificate'
            - 'Cert:\LocalMachine\Root'
    condition: 1 of selection*
falsepositives:
    - Help Desk or IT may need to manually add a corporate Root CA on occasion. Need to test if GPO push doesn't trigger FP
level: medium

title: Suspicious Package Installed - Linux
id: 700fb7e8-2981-401c-8430-be58e189e741
status: test
description: Detects installation of suspicious packages using system installation utilities
references:
    - https://gist.githubusercontent.com/MichaelKoczwara/12faba9c061c12b5814b711166de8c2f/raw/e2068486692897b620c25fde1ea258c8218fe3d3/history.txt
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2023-01-03
modified: 2026-01-01
tags:
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1553.004
logsource:
    product: linux
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection_tool_apt:
        Image|endswith:
            - '/apt'
            - '/apt-get'
        CommandLine|contains: 'install'
    selection_tool_yum:
        Image|endswith: '/yum'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - 'localinstall'
            - 'install'
    selection_tool_rpm:
        Image|endswith: '/rpm'
        CommandLine|contains: '-i'
    selection_tool_dpkg:
        Image|endswith: '/dpkg'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '--install'
            - '-i'
    selection_keyword:
        CommandLine|contains:
            # Add more suspicious packages
            - 'nmap'
            - ' nc'
            - 'netcat'
            - 'wireshark'
            - 'tshark'
            - 'openconnect'
            - 'proxychains'
            - 'socat'
    condition: 1 of selection_tool_* and selection_keyword
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administration activities
level: medium

title: Suspicious X509Enrollment - Process Creation
id: 114de787-4eb2-48cc-abdb-c0b449f93ea4
related:
    - id: 504d63cb-0dba-4d02-8531-e72981aace2c
      type: similar
status: test
description: Detect use of X509Enrollment
references:
    - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=42
    - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=41
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/microsoft.hpc.scheduler.store.cx509enrollmentwebclassfactoryclass?view=hpc-sdk-5.1.6115
author: frack113
date: 2022-12-23
tags:
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1553.004
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - 'X509Enrollment.CBinaryConverter'
            - '884e2002-217d-11da-b2a4-000e7bbb2b09'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrative script
level: medium

title: Suspicious X509Enrollment - Ps Script
id: 504d63cb-0dba-4d02-8531-e72981aace2c
related:
    - id: 114de787-4eb2-48cc-abdb-c0b449f93ea4
      type: similar
status: test
description: Detect use of X509Enrollment
references:
    - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=42
    - https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=41
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/microsoft.hpc.scheduler.store.cx509enrollmentwebclassfactoryclass?view=hpc-sdk-5.1.6115
author: frack113
date: 2022-12-23
tags:
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1553.004
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: ps_script
    definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled'
detection:
    selection:
        ScriptBlockText|contains:
            - 'X509Enrollment.CBinaryConverter'
            - '884e2002-217d-11da-b2a4-000e7bbb2b09'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrative script
level: medium

title: Active Directory Certificate Services Denied Certificate Enrollment Request
id: 994bfd6d-0a2e-481e-a861-934069fcf5f5
status: test
description: |
    Detects denied requests by Active Directory Certificate Services.
    Example of these requests denial include issues with permissions on the certificate template or invalid signatures.
references:
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd299871(v=ws.10)
    - https://www.gradenegger.eu/en/details-of-the-event-with-id-53-of-the-source-microsoft-windows-certificationauthority/
author: '@SerkinValery'
date: 2024-03-07
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1553.004
logsource:
    product: windows
    service: system
detection:
    selection:
        Provider_Name: 'Microsoft-Windows-CertificationAuthority'
        EventID: 53
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: low

title: Install Root Certificate
id: 78a80655-a51e-4669-bc6b-e9d206a462ee
status: test
description: Detects installation of new certificate on the system which attackers may use to avoid warnings when connecting to controlled web servers or C2s
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1553.004/T1553.004.md
author: Ömer Günal, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-05
modified: 2022-07-07
tags:
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1553.004
logsource:
    product: linux
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith:
            - '/update-ca-certificates'
            - '/update-ca-trust'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administration activities
level: low