Sigma is the open generic signature format for SIEM systems. Each rule below converts to native syntax for Splunk, Elastic, Sentinel, and other SIEMs. Expand any rule to see its raw YAML.
Show when private keys are being exported from the device, or when new certificates are installed
status testauthor Austin Clarkid 1f978c6a-4415-47fb-aca5-736a44d7ca3d
view Sigma YAML
title: Cisco Crypto Commands
id: 1f978c6a-4415-47fb-aca5-736a44d7ca3d
status: test
description: Show when private keys are being exported from the device, or when new certificates are installed
references:
- https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/security/a1/sec-a1-cr-book/sec-a1-cr-book_chapter_0111.html
author: Austin Clark
date: 2019-08-12
modified: 2023-01-04
tags:
- attack.credential-access
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1553.004
- attack.t1552.004
logsource:
product: cisco
service: aaa
detection:
keywords:
- 'crypto pki export'
- 'crypto pki import'
- 'crypto pki trustpoint'
condition: keywords
falsepositives:
- Not commonly run by administrators. Also whitelist your known good certificates
level: high
high
Root Certificate Installed From Susp Locations
Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers.
status testauthor Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)id 5f6a601c-2ecb-498b-9c33-660362323afa
view Sigma YAML
title: Root Certificate Installed From Susp Locations
id: 5f6a601c-2ecb-498b-9c33-660362323afa
status: test
description: Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers.
references:
- https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/09/07/profiling-dev-0270-phosphorus-ransomware-operations/
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/pki/import-certificate?view=windowsserver2022-ps
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-09-09
modified: 2023-01-16
tags:
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1553.004
logsource:
category: process_creation
product: windows
detection:
selection:
CommandLine|contains|all:
- 'Import-Certificate'
- ' -FilePath '
- 'Cert:\LocalMachine\Root'
CommandLine|contains:
- '\AppData\Local\Temp\'
- ':\Windows\TEMP\'
- '\Desktop\'
- '\Downloads\'
- '\Perflogs\'
- ':\Users\Public\'
condition: selection
falsepositives:
- Unlikely
level: high
medium
New Root Certificate Installed Via CertMgr.EXE
Detects execution of "certmgr" with the "add" flag in order to install a new certificate on the system.
Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers.
status testauthor oscd.community, @redcanary, Zach Stanford @svch0stid ff992eac-6449-4c60-8c1d-91c9722a1d48
view Sigma YAML
title: New Root Certificate Installed Via CertMgr.EXE
id: ff992eac-6449-4c60-8c1d-91c9722a1d48
related:
- id: 42821614-9264-4761-acfc-5772c3286f76
type: derived
- id: 46591fae-7a4c-46ea-aec3-dff5e6d785dc
type: obsolete
status: test
description: |
Detects execution of "certmgr" with the "add" flag in order to install a new certificate on the system.
Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers.
references:
- https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1553.004/T1553.004.md
- https://securelist.com/to-crypt-or-to-mine-that-is-the-question/86307/
author: oscd.community, @redcanary, Zach Stanford @svch0st
date: 2023-03-05
tags:
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1553.004
logsource:
category: process_creation
product: windows
detection:
# Example: CertMgr.exe /add CertificateFileName.cer /s /r localMachine root /all
selection_img:
- Image|endswith: '\CertMgr.exe'
- OriginalFileName: 'CERTMGT.EXE'
selection_cli:
CommandLine|contains|all:
- '/add'
- 'root'
condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
- Help Desk or IT may need to manually add a corporate Root CA on occasion. Need to test if GPO push doesn't trigger FP
level: medium
medium
New Root Certificate Installed Via Certutil.EXE
Detects execution of "certutil" with the "addstore" flag in order to install a new certificate on the system.
Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers.
status testauthor oscd.community, @redcanary, Zach Stanford @svch0stid d2125259-ddea-4c1c-9c22-977eb5b29cf0
view Sigma YAML
title: New Root Certificate Installed Via Certutil.EXE
id: d2125259-ddea-4c1c-9c22-977eb5b29cf0
related:
- id: 42821614-9264-4761-acfc-5772c3286f76
type: derived
- id: 46591fae-7a4c-46ea-aec3-dff5e6d785dc
type: obsolete
status: test
description: |
Detects execution of "certutil" with the "addstore" flag in order to install a new certificate on the system.
Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers.
references:
- https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1553.004/T1553.004.md
author: oscd.community, @redcanary, Zach Stanford @svch0st
date: 2023-03-05
modified: 2024-03-05
tags:
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1553.004
logsource:
category: process_creation
product: windows
detection:
# Example: certutil -addstore -f -user ROOT CertificateFileName.der
selection_img:
- Image|endswith: '\certutil.exe'
- OriginalFileName: 'CertUtil.exe'
selection_cli_add:
CommandLine|contains|windash: '-addstore'
selection_cli_store:
CommandLine|contains: 'root'
condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
- Help Desk or IT may need to manually add a corporate Root CA on occasion. Need to test if GPO push doesn't trigger FP
level: medium
regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_certutil_certificate_installation/info.yml
medium
Persistence Via New SIP Provider
Detects when an attacker register a new SIP provider for persistence and defense evasion
status testauthor Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)id 5a2b21ee-6aaa-4234-ac9d-59a59edf90a1
view Sigma YAML
title: Persistence Via New SIP Provider
id: 5a2b21ee-6aaa-4234-ac9d-59a59edf90a1
status: test
description: Detects when an attacker register a new SIP provider for persistence and defense evasion
references:
- https://persistence-info.github.io/Data/codesigning.html
- https://github.com/gtworek/PSBits/tree/master/SIP
- https://specterops.io/assets/resources/SpecterOps_Subverting_Trust_in_Windows.pdf
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-07-21
modified: 2023-08-17
tags:
- attack.persistence
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1553.003
logsource:
category: registry_set
product: windows
detection:
selection_root:
TargetObject|contains:
- '\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography\Providers\'
- '\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography\OID\EncodingType'
- '\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Cryptography\Providers\'
- '\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Cryptography\OID\EncodingType'
selection_dll:
TargetObject|contains:
- '\Dll'
- '\$DLL'
filter:
Details:
# Add more legitimate SIP providers according to your env
- WINTRUST.DLL
- mso.dll
filter_poqexec:
Image: 'C:\Windows\System32\poqexec.exe'
TargetObject|contains: '\CryptSIPDll'
Details: 'C:\Windows\System32\PsfSip.dll'
condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter*
falsepositives:
- Legitimate SIP being registered by the OS or different software.
level: medium
medium
Potential Secure Deletion with SDelete
Detects files that have extensions commonly seen while SDelete is used to wipe files.
status testauthor Thomas Patzkeid 39a80702-d7ca-4a83-b776-525b1f86a36d
view Sigma YAML
title: Potential Secure Deletion with SDelete
id: 39a80702-d7ca-4a83-b776-525b1f86a36d
status: test
description: Detects files that have extensions commonly seen while SDelete is used to wipe files.
references:
- https://jpcertcc.github.io/ToolAnalysisResultSheet/details/sdelete.htm
- https://www.jpcert.or.jp/english/pub/sr/ir_research.html
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/sysinternals/downloads/sdelete
author: Thomas Patzke
date: 2017-06-14
modified: 2024-12-13
tags:
- attack.impact
- attack.stealth
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1070.004
- attack.t1027.005
- attack.t1485
- attack.t1553.002
- attack.s0195
logsource:
product: windows
service: security
detection:
selection:
EventID:
- 4656
- 4663
- 4658
ObjectName|endswith:
- '.AAA'
- '.ZZZ'
condition: selection
falsepositives:
- Legitimate usage of SDelete
- Files that are interacted with that have these extensions legitimately
level: medium
medium
Renamed BOINC Client Execution
Detects the execution of a renamed BOINC binary.
status testauthor Matt Anderson (Huntress)id 30d07da2-83ab-45d8-ae75-ec7c0edcaffc
view Sigma YAML
title: Renamed BOINC Client Execution
id: 30d07da2-83ab-45d8-ae75-ec7c0edcaffc
status: test
description: Detects the execution of a renamed BOINC binary.
references:
- https://boinc.berkeley.edu/
- https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/91e405e8a527023fb8696624e70498ae83660fe6757cef4871ce9bcc659264d3/details
- https://www.huntress.com/blog/fake-browser-updates-lead-to-boinc-volunteer-computing-software
author: Matt Anderson (Huntress)
date: 2024-07-23
tags:
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1553
logsource:
category: process_creation
product: windows
detection:
selection:
OriginalFileName: 'BOINC.exe'
filter_main_legit_name:
Image|endswith: '\BOINC.exe'
condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_*
falsepositives:
- Unknown
level: medium
medium
Root Certificate Installed - PowerShell
Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers.
status testauthor oscd.community, @redcanary, Zach Stanford @svch0stid 42821614-9264-4761-acfc-5772c3286f76
view Sigma YAML
title: Root Certificate Installed - PowerShell
id: 42821614-9264-4761-acfc-5772c3286f76
status: test
description: Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers.
references:
- https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1553.004/T1553.004.md
author: 'oscd.community, @redcanary, Zach Stanford @svch0st'
date: 2020-10-10
modified: 2022-12-02
tags:
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1553.004
logsource:
product: windows
category: ps_script
definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled'
detection:
selection1:
ScriptBlockText|contains|all:
- 'Move-Item'
- 'Cert:\LocalMachine\Root'
selection2:
ScriptBlockText|contains|all:
- 'Import-Certificate'
- 'Cert:\LocalMachine\Root'
condition: 1 of selection*
falsepositives:
- Help Desk or IT may need to manually add a corporate Root CA on occasion. Need to test if GPO push doesn't trigger FP
level: medium
medium
Suspicious Execution via macOS Script Editor
Detects when the macOS Script Editor utility spawns an unusual child process.
status testauthor Tim Rauch (rule), Elastic (idea)id 6e4dcdd1-e48b-42f7-b2d8-3b413fc58cb4
Remove the Zone.Identifier alternate data stream which identifies the file as downloaded from the internet.
status testauthor frack113id 5947497f-1aa4-41dd-9693-c9848d58727d
view Sigma YAML
title: Suspicious Unblock-File
id: 5947497f-1aa4-41dd-9693-c9848d58727d
status: test
description: Remove the Zone.Identifier alternate data stream which identifies the file as downloaded from the internet.
references:
- https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1553.005/T1553.005.md#atomic-test-3---remove-the-zoneidentifier-alternate-data-stream
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.utility/unblock-file?view=powershell-7.2
author: frack113
date: 2022-02-01
tags:
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1553.005
logsource:
product: windows
category: ps_script
definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled'
detection:
selection:
ScriptBlockText|contains|all:
- 'Unblock-File '
- '-Path '
condition: selection
falsepositives:
- Legitimate PowerShell scripts
level: medium
medium
Suspicious X509Enrollment - Process Creation
Detect use of X509Enrollment
status testauthor frack113id 114de787-4eb2-48cc-abdb-c0b449f93ea4
view Sigma YAML
title: Suspicious X509Enrollment - Process Creation
id: 114de787-4eb2-48cc-abdb-c0b449f93ea4
related:
- id: 504d63cb-0dba-4d02-8531-e72981aace2c
type: similar
status: test
description: Detect use of X509Enrollment
references:
- https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=42
- https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=41
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/microsoft.hpc.scheduler.store.cx509enrollmentwebclassfactoryclass?view=hpc-sdk-5.1.6115
author: frack113
date: 2022-12-23
tags:
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1553.004
logsource:
product: windows
category: process_creation
detection:
selection:
CommandLine|contains:
- 'X509Enrollment.CBinaryConverter'
- '884e2002-217d-11da-b2a4-000e7bbb2b09'
condition: selection
falsepositives:
- Legitimate administrative script
level: medium
medium
Suspicious X509Enrollment - Ps Script
Detect use of X509Enrollment
status testauthor frack113id 504d63cb-0dba-4d02-8531-e72981aace2c
view Sigma YAML
title: Suspicious X509Enrollment - Ps Script
id: 504d63cb-0dba-4d02-8531-e72981aace2c
related:
- id: 114de787-4eb2-48cc-abdb-c0b449f93ea4
type: similar
status: test
description: Detect use of X509Enrollment
references:
- https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=42
- https://speakerdeck.com/heirhabarov/hunting-for-powershell-abuse?slide=41
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/microsoft.hpc.scheduler.store.cx509enrollmentwebclassfactoryclass?view=hpc-sdk-5.1.6115
author: frack113
date: 2022-12-23
tags:
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1553.004
logsource:
product: windows
category: ps_script
definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled'
detection:
selection:
ScriptBlockText|contains:
- 'X509Enrollment.CBinaryConverter'
- '884e2002-217d-11da-b2a4-000e7bbb2b09'
condition: selection
falsepositives:
- Legitimate administrative script
level: medium
medium
Windows AppX Deployment Full Trust Package Installation
Detects the installation of MSIX/AppX packages with full trust privileges which run with elevated privileges outside normal AppX container restrictions
status experimentalauthor Michael Haag, Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)id e54279c7-4910-4e2c-902c-c56a25b549f6
view Sigma YAML
title: Windows AppX Deployment Full Trust Package Installation
id: e54279c7-4910-4e2c-902c-c56a25b549f6
status: experimental
description: Detects the installation of MSIX/AppX packages with full trust privileges which run with elevated privileges outside normal AppX container restrictions
references:
- https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/msix-weaponization-threat-detection-splunk.html
author: Michael Haag, Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2025-11-03
tags:
- attack.execution
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1204.002
- attack.t1553.005
logsource:
product: windows
service: appxdeployment-server
detection:
selection:
EventID: 400
HasFullTrust: true
filter_main_legitpath:
PackageSourceUri|startswith:
- 'file:///C:/Program%20Files/'
- 'file:///C:/Program%20Files%20(x86)/'
filter_main_microsoft:
- PackageSourceUri|startswith: 'https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid'
- PackageSourceUri|contains:
- '.cdn.microsoft.com'
- '.cdn.office.net/'
filter_main_callerprocess:
CallingProcess|startswith:
- 'sysprep.exe'
- 'svchost.exe,AppReadiness'
filter_optional_x_update:
PackageSourceUri|startswith: 'x-windowsupdate://'
filter_optional_microsoftclient:
PackageFullName|startswith: 'MicrosoftWindows.Client.'
condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_*
falsepositives:
- Some legitimate applications installation which have been missed from filtering can generate fps, thus baselining and tuning is recommended before deploying to production
level: medium
medium
Windows AppX Deployment Unsigned Package Installation
Detects attempts to install unsigned MSIX/AppX packages using the -AllowUnsigned parameter via AppXDeployment-Server events
status experimentalauthor Michael Haag, Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)id 9a025188-6f2d-42f8-bb2f-d3a83d24a5af
view Sigma YAML
title: Windows AppX Deployment Unsigned Package Installation
id: 9a025188-6f2d-42f8-bb2f-d3a83d24a5af
related:
- id: 37651c2a-42cd-4a69-ae0d-22a4349aa04a
type: similar
- id: 975b2262-9a49-439d-92a6-0709cccdf0b2
type: similar
status: experimental
description: Detects attempts to install unsigned MSIX/AppX packages using the -AllowUnsigned parameter via AppXDeployment-Server events
references:
- https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/appx/add-appxpackage
- https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/msix-weaponization-threat-detection-splunk.html
author: Michael Haag, Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2025-11-03
tags:
- attack.execution
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1204.002
- attack.t1553.005
logsource:
product: windows
service: appxdeployment-server
detection:
selection:
EventID: 603
Flags: '8388608'
condition: selection
falsepositives:
- Legitimate installation of unsigned packages for legitimate purposes such as development or testing
level: medium
low
Active Directory Certificate Services Denied Certificate Enrollment Request
Detects denied requests by Active Directory Certificate Services.
Example of these requests denial include issues with permissions on the certificate template or invalid signatures.
status testauthor @SerkinValeryid 994bfd6d-0a2e-481e-a861-934069fcf5f5
view Sigma YAML
title: Active Directory Certificate Services Denied Certificate Enrollment Request
id: 994bfd6d-0a2e-481e-a861-934069fcf5f5
status: test
description: |
Detects denied requests by Active Directory Certificate Services.
Example of these requests denial include issues with permissions on the certificate template or invalid signatures.
references:
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd299871(v=ws.10)
- https://www.gradenegger.eu/en/details-of-the-event-with-id-53-of-the-source-microsoft-windows-certificationauthority/
author: '@SerkinValery'
date: 2024-03-07
tags:
- attack.credential-access
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1553.004
logsource:
product: windows
service: system
detection:
selection:
Provider_Name: 'Microsoft-Windows-CertificationAuthority'
EventID: 53
condition: selection
falsepositives:
- Unknown
level: low
low
Gatekeeper Bypass via Xattr
Detects macOS Gatekeeper bypass via xattr utility
status testauthor Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.communityid f5141b6d-9f42-41c6-a7bf-2a780678b29b
Detects installation of new certificate on the system which attackers may use to avoid warnings when connecting to controlled web servers or C2s
status testauthor Ömer Günal, oscd.communityid 78a80655-a51e-4669-bc6b-e9d206a462ee
view Sigma YAML
title: Install Root Certificate
id: 78a80655-a51e-4669-bc6b-e9d206a462ee
status: test
description: Detects installation of new certificate on the system which attackers may use to avoid warnings when connecting to controlled web servers or C2s
references:
- https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1553.004/T1553.004.md
author: Ömer Günal, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-05
modified: 2022-07-07
tags:
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1553.004
logsource:
product: linux
category: process_creation
detection:
selection:
Image|endswith:
- '/update-ca-certificates'
- '/update-ca-trust'
condition: selection
falsepositives:
- Legitimate administration activities
level: low
low
Suspicious Mount-DiskImage
Adversaries may abuse container files such as disk image (.iso, .vhd) file formats to deliver malicious payloads that may not be tagged with MOTW.
status testauthor frack113id 29e1c216-6408-489d-8a06-ee9d151ef819
view Sigma YAML
title: Suspicious Mount-DiskImage
id: 29e1c216-6408-489d-8a06-ee9d151ef819
status: test
description: Adversaries may abuse container files such as disk image (.iso, .vhd) file formats to deliver malicious payloads that may not be tagged with MOTW.
references:
- https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1553.005/T1553.005.md#atomic-test-1---mount-iso-image
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/storage/mount-diskimage?view=windowsserver2022-ps
author: frack113
date: 2022-02-01
tags:
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1553.005
logsource:
product: windows
category: ps_script
definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled'
detection:
selection:
ScriptBlockText|contains|all:
- 'Mount-DiskImage '
- '-ImagePath '
condition: selection
falsepositives:
- Legitimate PowerShell scripts
level: low
low
Windows MSIX Package Support Framework AI_STUBS Execution
Detects execution of Advanced Installer MSIX Package Support Framework (PSF) components, specifically AI_STUBS executables with original filename 'popupwrapper.exe'.
This activity may indicate malicious MSIX packages build with Advanced Installer leveraging the Package Support Framework to bypass application control restrictions.
status experimentalauthor Michael Haag, Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)id af5732ed-764e-489d-826d-0447c8b36242
view Sigma YAML
title: Windows MSIX Package Support Framework AI_STUBS Execution
id: af5732ed-764e-489d-826d-0447c8b36242
status: experimental
description: |
Detects execution of Advanced Installer MSIX Package Support Framework (PSF) components, specifically AI_STUBS executables with original filename 'popupwrapper.exe'.
This activity may indicate malicious MSIX packages build with Advanced Installer leveraging the Package Support Framework to bypass application control restrictions.
references:
- https://redcanary.com/blog/threat-intelligence/msix-installers/
- https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/techniques/installer-packages/
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/msix/package/package-support-framework
- https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/msix-weaponization-threat-detection-splunk.html
author: Michael Haag, Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2025-11-03
tags:
- attack.execution
- attack.stealth
- attack.defense-impairment
- attack.t1218
- attack.t1553.005
- attack.t1204.002
logsource:
category: process_creation
product: windows
detection:
selection:
Image|endswith:
- '\AI_STUBS\AiStubX64Elevated.exe'
- '\AI_STUBS\AiStubX86Elevated.exe'
- '\AI_STUBS\AiStubX64.exe'
- '\AI_STUBS\AiStubX86.exe'
OriginalFileName: 'popupwrapper.exe'
condition: selection
falsepositives:
- Legitimate applications packaged with Advanced Installer using Package Support Framework
level: low