The Ludwig framework thru 0.10.4 is vulnerable to insecure deserialization (CWE-502) through its predict() method. When a user provides a dataset file path to the predict() method, the framework automatically determines the file format. If the file is a pickle (.pkl) file, it is loaded using pandas.read_pickle() without any validation or security restrictions.

This allows the deserialization of arbitrary Python objects via the unsafe pickle module. A remote attacker can exploit this by providing a maliciously crafted pickle file, leading to arbitrary code execution on the system running the Ludwig prediction.