Home/CVE/The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True. One
CVE

CVE-2025-9905

The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True. One

The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True. One can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5 model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed. This is achieved by crafting a special .h5 archive file that uses the Lambda layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code.

The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True option is not honored when reading .h5 archives. Note that the .h5/.hdf5 format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility.

HIGH · CVSS 7.3 EPSS 6e-05
Act now
  • Public exploit or PoC is available
  • CVSS base score ≥ 7.0
Sigma rules0 YARA rules0
⬡

Weakness Classification

CWE-913Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources
▤

Affected Products & Versions

1
keras>= 3.0.0 and < 3.11.3
▤

Affected Packages

1
Language-ecosystem packages (from OSV) tied to this CVE, with the version that fixes it - the dependency-level detail NVD doesn’t carry.
PyPI keras HIGH fixed in 3.11.3
⚠

Public Exploits & PoCs

1
pocgithub.com · GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjvgithub.com
▣

Scoring & Timeline

7.3
HIGH · CVSS v3.1 · cve-coordination@google.com
View on NVD
Attack Vector
Network Adjacent Local Physical
Attack Complexity
Low High
Privileges Required
None Low High
User Interaction
None Required
Scope
Unchanged Changed
Confidentiality
None Low High
Integrity
None Low High
Availability
None Low High
Published to NVD19 Sep 2025 · 09:15 AM
CVSS VectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC triage · cisa-vulnrichment
Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total
SSVC asks the questions that actually drive patch urgency: is it being exploited, can attacks be automated, and how total is the impact.
⚑

Vendor Advisories

3
rhsaRHSA-2025:23531Important
rhsaRHSA-2025:22759Important
msrcCVE-2025-9905
🔗

References & Sources

1
Source URLs (vendor pages, mailing lists, write-ups). Exploit/PoC links are in their own section above to avoid duplication.
https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602Issue TrackingPatch
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