Home/CVE/An Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved's routing protocol daemon (rpd) a
CVE

CVE-2025-21598

An Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved's routing protocol daemon (rpd) a

An Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved's routing protocol daemon (rpd) allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to send malformed BGP packets to a device configured with packet receive trace options enabled to crash rpd. This issue affects: Junos OS: from 21.2R3-S8 before 21.2R3-S9, from 21.4R3-S7 before 21.4R3-S9, from 22.2R3-S4 before 22.2R3-S5, from 22.3R3-S2 before 22.3R3-S4, from 22.4R3 before 22.4R3-S5, from 23.2R2 before 23.2R2-S2, from 23.4R1 before 23.4R2-S1, from 24.2R1 before 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2. Junos OS Evolved: from 21.4R3-S7-EVO before 21.4R3-S9-EVO, from 22.2R3-S4-EVO before 22.2R3-S5-EVO, from 22.3R3-S2-EVO before 22.3R3-S4-EVO, from 22.4R3-EVO before 22.4R3-S5-EVO, from 23.2R2-EVO before 23.2R2-S2-EVO, from 23.4R1-EVO before 23.4R2-S1-EVO, * from 24.2R1-EVO before 24.2R1-S2-EVO, 24.2R2-EVO.

This issue requires a BGP session to be established. This issue can propagate and multiply through multiple ASes until reaching vulnerable devices. This issue affects iBGP and eBGP.

This issue affects IPv4 and IPv6. An indicator of compromise may be the presence of malformed update messages in a neighboring AS which is unaffected by this issue: For example, by issuing the command on the neighboring device: show log messages Reviewing for similar messages from devices within proximity to each other may indicate this malformed packet is propagating: rpd[<pid>]: Received malformed update from <IP address> (External AS <AS#>) and rpd[<pid>]: Malformed Attribute.

HIGH · CVSS 7.5 EPSS 0.00744
Schedule remediation
  • SSVC automatable: yes - attacks can be scripted at scale
  • CVSS base score ≥ 7.0
Sigma rules0 YARA rules0

Weakness Classification

Affected Products & Versions

2
juniper junosall versions

Scoring & Timeline

7.5
HIGH · CVSS v3.1 · sirt@juniper.net
View on NVD
Attack Vector
Network Adjacent Local Physical
Attack Complexity
Low High
Privileges Required
None Low High
User Interaction
None Required
Scope
Unchanged Changed
Confidentiality
None Low High
Integrity
None Low High
Availability
None Low High
Published to NVD09 Jan 2025 · 07:15 PM
CVSS VectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC triage · cisa-vulnrichment
Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial
SSVC asks the questions that actually drive patch urgency: is it being exploited, can attacks be automated, and how total is the impact.
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References & Sources

2
Source URLs (vendor pages, mailing lists, write-ups). Exploit/PoC links are in their own section above to avoid duplication.
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