Home/CVE/Vault and Vault Enterprise (“Vault”) are vulnerable to an unauthenticated denial of service when processing JSON pay
CVE

CVE-2025-12044

Vault and Vault Enterprise (“Vault”) are vulnerable to an unauthenticated denial of service when processing JSON pay

Vault and Vault Enterprise (“Vault”) are vulnerable to an unauthenticated denial of service when processing JSON payloads. This occurs due to a regression from a previous fix for [+HCSEC-2025-24+|https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393] which allowed for processing JSON payloads before applying rate limits. This vulnerability, CVE-2025-12044, is fixed in Vault Community Edition 1.21.0 and Vault Enterprise 1.16.27, 1.19.11, 1.20.5, and 1.21.0.

HIGH · CVSS 7.5 EPSS 0.00305
Schedule remediation
  • SSVC automatable: yes - attacks can be scripted at scale
  • CVSS base score ≥ 7.0
Sigma rules1 YARA rules0
⬡

Weakness Classification

CWE-770Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
▤

Affected Products & Versions

5
hashicorp vault>= 1.16.25 and < 1.16.27
hashicorp vault>= 1.18.14 and <= 1.18.15
hashicorp vault>= 1.19.9 and <= 1.19.11
hashicorp vault>= 1.20.3 and < 1.20.5
hashicorp vault>= 1.20.3 and < 1.21.0
▤

Affected Packages

1
Language-ecosystem packages (from OSV) tied to this CVE, with the version that fixes it - the dependency-level detail NVD doesn’t carry.
Go github.com/hashicorp/vault HIGH fixed in 1.21.0
◈

Sigma Hunt Rules

1
Exact rules name this CVE ID. Product rules name an affected product in their title. Related rules cover techniques used by actors who exploited this CVE. Showing the most relevant matches; the complete related set is on the full drill-down.
productmediumAzure Key Vault Modified or Deleted
▣

Scoring & Timeline

7.5
HIGH · CVSS v3.1 · security@hashicorp.com
View on NVD
Attack Vector
Network Adjacent Local Physical
Attack Complexity
Low High
Privileges Required
None Low High
User Interaction
None Required
Scope
Unchanged Changed
Confidentiality
None Low High
Integrity
None Low High
Availability
None Low High
Published to NVD23 Oct 2025 · 08:15 PM
CVSS VectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC triage · cisa-vulnrichment
Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial
SSVC asks the questions that actually drive patch urgency: is it being exploited, can attacks be automated, and how total is the impact.
⚑

Vendor Advisories

7
rhsaRHSA-2026:3827Important
suse-csafopenSUSE-SU-2025:15710-1
rhsaRHSA-2025:21984Important
rhsaRHSA-2025:21981Important
rhsaRHSA-2025:22058Important
🔗

References & Sources

1
Source URLs (vendor pages, mailing lists, write-ups). Exploit/PoC links are in their own section above to avoid duplication.
https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-31-vault-vulnerable-to-denial-of-service-due-to-rate-limit-regression/76710Vendor Advisory
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