Home/CVE/Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability
CVE

CVE-2012-0391

Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.

CRITICAL · CVSS 9.8 ⚠ CISA KEV EPSS 0.87528
Act now
  • Listed on CISA KEV (known exploited in the wild)
  • SSVC exploitation status: active
  • EPSS ≥ 0.50 - high probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
  • EPSS percentile: top 1% of all CVEs by exploitation likelihood
  • Public exploit or PoC is available
  • SSVC automatable: yes - attacks can be scripted at scale
  • CVSS base score ≥ 7.0
Sigma rules0 YARA rules0
⬢

Required Remediation

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

⬡

Weakness Classification

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
▤

Affected Products & Versions

1
apache struts< 2.2.3.1
▤

Affected Packages

2
Language-ecosystem packages (from OSV) tied to this CVE, with the version that fixes it - the dependency-level detail NVD doesn’t carry.
Maven org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core CRITICAL fixed in 2.2.3.1
Maven org.apache.struts:struts2-core CRITICAL fixed in 2.2.3.1
⚠

Public Exploits & PoCs

5
remoteApache Struts 2.2.1.1 - Remote Command Execution (Metasploit)verified
webappsApache Struts 2 < 2.3.1 - Multiple Vulnerabilitiesverified
pocarchives.neohapsis.com · 0031.htmlarchives.neohapsis.com
pocwww.exploit-db.com · 18329www.exploit-db.com
pocwww.sec-consult.com · 20120104-0_Apache_Struts2_Multiple_Critical_Vulnerabiliti...www.sec-consult.com
▣

Scoring & Timeline

9.8
CRITICAL · CVSS v3.1 · cve@mitre.org
View on NVD
Attack Vector
Network Adjacent Local Physical
Attack Complexity
Low High
Privileges Required
None Low High
User Interaction
None Required
Scope
Unchanged Changed
Confidentiality
None Low High
Integrity
None Low High
Availability
None Low High
Published to NVD08 Jan 2012 · 03:55 PM
CVSS VectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC triage · cisa-vulnrichment
Exploitation
active
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total
SSVC asks the questions that actually drive patch urgency: is it being exploited, can attacks be automated, and how total is the impact.
⚑

Vendor Advisories

1
cisaKEV-CVE-2012-0391
🔗

References & Sources

5
Source URLs (vendor pages, mailing lists, write-ups). Exploit/PoC links are in their own section above to avoid duplication.
http://secunia.com/advisories/47393Vendor Advisory
http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/s2-008.htmlVendor Advisory
http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/version-notes-2311.htmlVendor Advisory
https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-3668Vendor Advisory
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2012-0391US Government Resource
Intelligence Graph · click any node to traverse
CVETechnique ActorTool Family
drag to reposition · click any node to traverse · button top-right enlarges
External lookups - second-class, for what we don’t hold ourselves
NVDCVE.orgCISAVulnersExploit-DBGitHub PoCVulnCheck KEVGreyNoise
Vulnerabilities
CISA KEV catalog
CWE weaknesses
CAPEC attack patterns
Package vulnerabilities
Threat intelligence
Threat actors
Tools & malware
ATT&CK techniques
IOCs
Detection & defense
Sigma rules
YARA rules
Atomic Red Team tests
D3FEND countermeasures
Compliance
NIST 800-53
ISO 27001:2022
SOC 2 TSC
PCI-DSS v4.0
CIS Controls v8.1
About
All capabilities
Live statistics
Data sources
Privacy policy
Terms of service
threatengine.sh  ·  Open-source threat intelligence platform  ·  100+ authoritative sources  ·  Every fact traces to its origin