Sigma rules · SideWinder · threatengine.sh

Sigma

Sigma rules for SideWinder

500 rules · scoped to actor · back to SideWinder

Direct rules mention this entity in their title or description. Related rules cover the techniques this entity is known to use.

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Detection rules

50 of 500

related high

Bitsadmin to Uncommon TLD

Detects Bitsadmin connections to domains with uncommon TLDs

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Tim Shelton id 9eb68894-7476-4cd6-8752-23b51f5883a7 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

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title: Bitsadmin to Uncommon TLD
id: 9eb68894-7476-4cd6-8752-23b51f5883a7
status: test
description: Detects Bitsadmin connections to domains with uncommon TLDs
references:
    - https://twitter.com/jhencinski/status/1102695118455349248
    - https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/Investigating+Microsoft+BITS+Activity/23281/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Tim Shelton
date: 2019-03-07
modified: 2023-05-17
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.execution
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1071.001
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.t1197
    - attack.s0190
logsource:
    category: proxy
detection:
    selection:
        c-useragent|startswith: 'Microsoft BITS/'
    falsepositives:
        cs-host|endswith:
            - '.com'
            - '.net'
            - '.org'
            - '.scdn.co' # spotify streaming
            - '.sfx.ms' # Microsoft domain, example request: https://oneclient.sfx.ms/PreSignInSettings/Prod/2022-08-15-21-xx-xx/PreSignInSettingsConfig.json
    condition: selection and not falsepositives
falsepositives:
    - Rare programs that use Bitsadmin and update from regional TLDs e.g. .uk or .ca
level: high

related high

Raw Paste Service Access

Detects direct access to raw pastes in different paste services often used by malware in their second stages to download malicious code in encrypted or encoded form

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id 5468045b-4fcc-4d1a-973c-c9c9578edacb license Sigma · DRL-1.1

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title: Raw Paste Service Access
id: 5468045b-4fcc-4d1a-973c-c9c9578edacb
status: test
description: Detects direct access to raw pastes in different paste services often used by malware in their second stages to download malicious code in encrypted or encoded form
references:
    - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/domain/paste.ee/relations
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2019-12-05
modified: 2023-01-19
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.001
    - attack.t1102.001
    - attack.t1102.003
logsource:
    category: proxy
detection:
    selection:
        c-uri|contains:
            - '.paste.ee/r/'
            - '.pastebin.com/raw/'
            - '.hastebin.com/raw/'
            - '.ghostbin.co/paste/*/raw/'
            - 'pastetext.net/'
            - 'pastebin.pl/'
            - 'paste.ee/'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - User activity (e.g. developer that shared and copied code snippets and used the raw link instead of just copy & paste)
level: high

related high

Malware User Agent

Detects suspicious user agent strings used by malware in proxy logs

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), X__Junior (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) id 5c84856b-55a5-45f1-826f-13f37250cf4e license Sigma · DRL-1.1

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title: Malware User Agent
id: 5c84856b-55a5-45f1-826f-13f37250cf4e
status: test
description: Detects suspicious user agent strings used by malware in proxy logs
references:
    - http://rules.emergingthreats.net/open/snort-2.9.0/rules/emerging-user_agents.rules
    - http://www.botopedia.org/search?searchword=scan&searchphrase=all
    - https://networkraptor.blogspot.com/2015/01/user-agent-strings.html
    - https://perishablepress.com/blacklist/ua-2013.txt
    - https://www.bluecoat.com/en-gb/security-blog/2015-05-05/know-your-agents
    - https://twitter.com/kladblokje_88/status/1614673320124743681?s=12&t=joEpeVa5d58aHYNGA_To7Q
    - https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FtYbfsDXoAQ1Y8M?format=jpg&name=large
    - https://twitter.com/crep1x/status/1635034100213112833
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), X__Junior (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2017-07-08
modified: 2024-04-14
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.001
logsource:
    category: proxy
detection:
    selection:
        c-useragent:
            # RATs
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:53.0) Gecko/20100101 Chrome /53.0' # DragonOK
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1)' # Used by PlugX - base-lining recommended - https://community.rsa.com/thread/185439
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)' # Used by PlugX - base-lining recommended - https://community.rsa.com/thread/185439
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0; .NET CLR  1.1.4322)' # Used by PlugX - old - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit-42-identifies-new-dragonok-backdoor-malware-deployed-against-japanese-targets/
            - 'HttpBrowser/1.0' # HTTPBrowser RAT
            - '*<|>*' # Houdini / Iniduoh / njRAT
            - 'nsis_inetc (mozilla)' # ZeroAccess
            - 'Wget/1.9+cvs-stable (Red Hat modified)' # Dyre / Upatre
            # Ghost419 https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)'
            # Malware
            - '*zeroup*' # W32/Renos.Downloader
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1 ; v.*' # Kazy
            - '* adlib/*'
            - '* tiny' # Trojan Downloader
            - '* BGroom *' # Trojan Downloader
            - '* changhuatong'
            - '* CholTBAgent'
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 WinInet'
            - 'RookIE/1.0'
            - 'M' # HkMain
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)' # Egamipload - old UA - probable prone to false positives
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible;MSIE 7.0;Windows NT 6.0)' # Yakes
            - 'backdoorbot'
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2.3) Gecko/20100401 Firefox/3.6.1 (.NET CLR 3.5.30731)' # Sality
            - 'Opera/8.81 (Windows NT 6.0; U; en)' # Sality
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2.3) Gecko/20100401 Firefox/3.6.1 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)' # Sality
            - 'Opera' # Trojan Keragany
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows 98)' # Fareit
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)' # Webshell's back connect
            - 'MSIE' # Toby web shell
            - '*(Charon; Inferno)' # Loki Bot
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/5.0)' # Fareit / Pony
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.1; Windows NT)' # https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/8abbef8e58f012d45a7cb46c3c2729dcd33cf53e721ff8c59e238862aa0a9e0e/detection
            - 'Mozilla/4.0(compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)' # MacControl malware https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/d60f61f1f03a5011a0240694e110c6d370bf68a92753093186c6d14e26a15428/detection https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/osxmacontrol-back-it-again
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)' # used by Zebrocy malware https://app.any.run/tasks/7d7fa4a0-6970-4428-828b-29572abf9ceb/
            # Ursnif
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)'
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64)'
            # Emotet
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; Trident/7.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; InfoPath.3)' # https://twitter.com/webbthewombat/status/1225827092132179968
            # Lockbit (https://twitter.com/kladblokje_88/status/1614673320124743681?s=12&t=joEpeVa5d58aHYNGA_To7Q)
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1)'
            - 'AppleWebkit/587.38 (KHTML, like Gecko)'
            - 'Chrome/91.0.4472.77'
            - 'Safari/537.36'
            - 'Edge/91.0.864.37'
            - 'Firefox/89.0'
            - 'Gecko/20100101'
            # Others
            - '* pxyscand*'
            - '* asd'
            - '* mdms'
            - 'sample'
            - 'nocase'
            - 'Moxilla'
            - 'Win32 *'
            - '*Microsoft Internet Explorer*'
            - 'agent *'
            - 'AutoIt' # Suspicious - base-lining recommended
            - 'IczelionDownLoad'
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 10.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; Tablet PC 2.0)' # https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/thor-plugx-variant/
            - 'record' # https://blog.sekoia.io/raccoon-stealer-v2-part-1-the-return-of-the-dead/
            - 'mozzzzzzzzzzz' # https://blog.sekoia.io/raccoon-stealer-v2-part-1-the-return-of-the-dead/
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:76.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/76.0' # Quasar RAT UA https://twitter.com/malmoeb/status/1559994820692672519?s=20&t=g3tkNL09dZZWbFN10qDVjg
            - 'Havana/0.1' # https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-alert-havanacrypt-ransomware-masquerading-as-google-update
            - 'antSword/v2.1' # AntSword Webshell UA
            - 'rqwrwqrqwrqw'  # Racoon Stealer
            - 'qwrqrwrqwrqwr'  # Racoon Stealer
            - 'rc2.0/client'  # Racoon Stealer
            - 'TakeMyPainBack'  # Racoon Stealer
            - 'xxx' # Racoon Stealer
            - '20112211' # Racoon Stealer
            - '23591' # Racoon Stealer
            - '901785252112' # Racoon Stealer
            - '1235125521512' # Racoon Stealer
            - '125122112551' # Racoon Stealer
            - 'B1D3N_RIM_MY_ASS' # Racoon Stealer
            - 'AYAYAYAY1337' # Racoon Stealer
            - 'iMightJustPayMySelfForAFeature' # Racoon Stealer
            - 'ForAFeature' # Racoon Stealer
            - 'Ares_ldr_v_*' # AresLoader
            # - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:106.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/106' # seen used by AresLoader
            - 'Microsoft Internet Explorer' # https://github.com/silence-is-best/c2db
            - 'CLCTR' # https://github.com/silence-is-best/c2db
            - 'uploader' # https://github.com/silence-is-best/c2db
            - 'agent' # https://github.com/silence-is-best/c2db
            - 'License' # https://github.com/silence-is-best/c2db
            - 'vb wininet' # https://github.com/silence-is-best/c2db
            - 'Client' # https://github.com/silence-is-best/c2db
            - 'Lilith-Bot/3.0' # Lilith Stealer - https://twitter.com/suyog41/status/1558051450797690880
            - 'svc/1.0' # SVC Loader - https://twitter.com/suyog41/status/1558051450797690880
            - 'WSHRAT' # WSHRAT - https://twitter.com/suyog41/status/1558051450797690880
            - 'ZeroStresser Botnet/1.5' # Zerobot - https://twitter.com/suyog41/status/1558051450797690880
            - 'OK' # Nymaim - https://twitter.com/suyog41/status/1558051450797690880
            - 'Project1sqlite' # DarkCloud - https://twitter.com/suyog41/status/1558051450797690880
            - 'Project1' # DarkCloud - https://twitter.com/suyog41/status/1558051450797690880
            - 'DuckTales' # Racoon Stealer
            - 'Zadanie' # Racoon Stealer
            - 'GunnaWunnaBlueTips' # Racoon Stealer
            - 'Xlmst' # Racoon Stealer
            - 'GeekingToTheMoon' # Racoon Stealer
            - 'SunShineMoonLight' # Racoon Stealer
            - 'BunnyRequester' # BunnyStealer
            - 'BunnyTasks' # BunnyStealer
            - 'BunnyStealer' # BunnyStealer
            - 'BunnyLoader_Dropper' # BunnyStealer
            - 'BunnyLoader' # BunnyStealer
            - 'BunnyShell' # BunnyStealer
            - 'SPARK-COMMIT' # SparkRAT - https://arcticwolf.com/resources/blog/tellmethetruth-exploitation-of-cve-2023-46604-leading-to-ransomware/
            - '4B4DB4B3' # B4B3RAT - https://twitter.com/naumovax/status/1718956514491130301
            - 'SouthSide' # Racoon Stealer
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Tob 1.1)' # Latrodectus loader
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

HackTool - Empire UserAgent URI Combo

Detects user agent and URI paths used by empire agents

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id b923f7d6-ac89-4a50-a71a-89fb846b4aa8 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: HackTool - Empire UserAgent URI Combo
id: b923f7d6-ac89-4a50-a71a-89fb846b4aa8
status: test
description: Detects user agent and URI paths used by empire agents
references:
    - https://github.com/BC-SECURITY/Empire
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2020-07-13
modified: 2024-02-26
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.001
logsource:
    category: proxy
detection:
    selection:
        c-useragent: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'
        cs-uri:
            - '/admin/get.php'
            - '/news.php'
            - '/login/process.php'
        cs-method: 'POST'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Valid requests with this exact user agent to server scripts of the defined names
level: high

related high

APT User Agent

Detects suspicious user agent strings used in APT malware in proxy logs

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Markus Neis id 6ec820f2-e963-4801-9127-d8b2dce4d31b license Sigma · DRL-1.1

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title: APT User Agent
id: 6ec820f2-e963-4801-9127-d8b2dce4d31b
status: test
description: Detects suspicious user agent strings used in APT malware in proxy logs
references:
    - Internal Research
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Markus Neis
date: 2019-11-12
modified: 2024-02-15
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.001
logsource:
    category: proxy
detection:
    selection:
        c-useragent:
         # APT Related
            - 'SJZJ (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Win32)' # APT Backspace
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.; WOW64; rv:20.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/20.0' # APT GrizzlySteppe - ChopStick - US CERT https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/alerts/2017/02/10/enhanced-analysis-grizzly-steppe
            - 'User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC' # Comment Crew Miniasp
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.4; Win32;32-bit)' # Comment Crew Miniasp
            - 'webclient' # Naikon APT
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-EN; rv:1.7.12) Gecko/200' # Naikon APT
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSI 6.0;' # SnowGlobe Babar - yes, it is cut
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:28.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/28.0' # Sofacy - Xtunnel
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; rv:20.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/' # Sofacy - Xtunnel
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.; WOW64; rv:20.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/2' # Sofacy - Xtunnel
            - 'Mozilla/4.0' # Derusbi backdoor ELF https://github.com/fideliscyber/indicators/tree/master/FTA-1021
            - 'Netscape' # Unit78020 Malware
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-EN; rv:1.7.12) Gecko/20100719 Firefox/1.0.7' # Unit78020 Malware
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2.13) Firefox/3.6.13 GTB7.1' # Winnti related
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0)' # Winnti related
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NETCLR 2.0.50727)' # APT17
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; SV1)' # Bronze Butler - Daserf
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 11.0; Windows NT 6.1; SV1)' # Bronze Butler - Daserf
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Win32)' # TSCookie https://app.any.run/tasks/0996b314-5133-491b-8d23-d431ffdec597
            - 'Mozilla v5.1 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:6.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/6.0.1' # Delphi downloader https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/04/24/sednit-update-analysis-zebrocy/
            - 'Mozilla/6.1 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 5.3; Trident/5.0)' # VPNFilter https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/VPNFilter.html
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.648; InfoPath.1)' # Sofacy User-Agent https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) WinHttp/1.6.3.8 (WinHTTP/5.1) like Gecko' # Sofacy User-Agent https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/
            - 'Mozilla v5.1 *' # Sofacy Zebrocy samples
            - 'MSIE 8.0' # Sofacy Azzy Backdoor  from https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/a80e29c0757bee05338fd5c22a542d852ad86c477068e3eb4aacc1c3e59e2eef?environmentId=100
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; InfoPath.2)' # https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/07/microsoft-office-vulnerabilities-used-to-distribute-felixroot-backdoor.html
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; RMS)' # Attacks on industrial enterprises using RMS and TeamViewer - https://securelist.com/attacks-on-industrial-enterprises-using-rms-and-teamviewer/87104/
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; DynGate)' # Attacks on industrial enterprises using RMS and TeamViewer - https://securelist.com/attacks-on-industrial-enterprises-using-rms-and-teamviewer/87104/
            - 'O/9.27 (W; U; Z)' # Cmstar https://www.virustotal.com/#/file/e4328011bb2b04abc856ccd04404c9f95d67167f6c291d343e8ffa8aa2aa2099/details
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/5.0;  Trident/5.0*' # KerrDown UA
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 9; *' # Suspicious 'Windows NT 9' user agent - used by APT33 malware in 2018
            - 'hots scot' # Unknown iOS zero-day implant https://twitter.com/craiu/status/1176437994288484352?s=20
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT)' # https://blog.telsy.com/meeting-powerband-the-apt33-net-powerton-variant/
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36' # Hidden Cobra malware
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win32; rv:47.0)' # Strong Pity loader https://twitter.com/VK_Intel/status/1264185981118406657
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1;' # Mustang Panda https://insights.oem.avira.com/new-wave-of-plugx-targets-hong-kong/
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:22.0) Firefox/22.0' # BackdoorDiplomacy https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 Chrome/72.0.3626.109 Safari/537.36' # SideWalk malware used by Sparkling Goblin
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:FTS_06) Gecko/22.36.35.06 Firefox/2.0' # LitePower stager used by WRITE https://securelist.com/wirtes-campaign-in-the-middle-east-living-off-the-land-since-at-least-2019/105044/
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/102.0.5005.63 Safari/537.36 Edg/100.0.1185.39' # https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/09/29/zinc-weaponizing-open-source-software/
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; InfoPath.3; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)' # https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/09/29/zinc-weaponizing-open-source-software/
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 10.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; Tablet PC 2.0)' # PlugX backdoor https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/thor-plugx-variant/
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.135 Safari/537.36 Edge/12.246001'  # RedCurl Downloader APT https://www.facct.ru/blog/redcurl-2024
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Old browsers
level: high

related high

Windows WebDAV User Agent

Detects WebDav DownloadCradle

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id e09aed7a-09e0-4c9a-90dd-f0d52507347e license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Windows WebDAV User Agent
id: e09aed7a-09e0-4c9a-90dd-f0d52507347e
status: test
description: Detects WebDav DownloadCradle
references:
    - https://mgreen27.github.io/posts/2018/04/02/DownloadCradle.html
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2018-04-06
modified: 2021-11-27
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.001
logsource:
    category: proxy
detection:
    selection:
        c-useragent|startswith: 'Microsoft-WebDAV-MiniRedir/'
        cs-method: 'GET'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Administrative scripts that download files from the Internet
    - Administrative scripts that retrieve certain website contents
    - Legitimate WebDAV administration
level: high

related high

Exploit Framework User Agent

Detects suspicious user agent strings used by exploit / pentest frameworks like Metasploit in proxy logs

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id fdd1bfb5-f60b-4a35-910e-f36ed3d0b32f license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Exploit Framework User Agent
id: fdd1bfb5-f60b-4a35-910e-f36ed3d0b32f
status: test
description: Detects suspicious user agent strings used by exploit / pentest frameworks like Metasploit in proxy logs
references:
    - https://blog.didierstevens.com/2015/03/16/quickpost-metasploit-user-agent-strings/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2017-07-08
modified: 2025-01-18
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.001
logsource:
    category: proxy
detection:
    selection:
        c-useragent:
        # Cobalt Strike https://www.cobaltstrike.com/help-malleable-c2
            - 'Internet Explorer *'
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; InfoPath.2)' # https://bluescreenofjeff.com/2016-06-28-cobalt-strike-http-c2-redirectors-with-apache-mod_rewrite/

        # Metasploit Framework - Analysis by Didier Stevens https://blog.didierstevens.com/2015/03/16/quickpost-metasploit-user-agent-strings/
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; Metasploit RSPEC)'
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.1; Windows NT)'
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)' # old browser, rare, base-lining needed
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)' # old browser, rare, base-lining needed
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)' # old browser, rare, base-lining needed
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; SIMBAR={7DB0F6DE-8DE7-4841-9084-28FA914B0F2E}; SLCC1; .N'
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)' # only use in proxy logs - not for detection in web server logs
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/525.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/4.0.221.6 Safari/525.13'
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; MAAU)' # Payloads

        # Metasploit Update by Florian Roth 08.07.2017
            - 'Mozilla/5.0'
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; SPIPE/1.0'
        # - 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/6.0)'  # too many false positives expected
        # - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'  # too many false positives expected
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; rv:39.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/35.0'
            - 'Sametime Community Agent' # Unknown if prone to false positives - https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/97095ab3113de2f046e64a64c461a1f888554401/modules/exploits/windows/http/steamcast_useragent.rb
            - 'X-FORWARDED-FOR'
            - 'DotDotPwn v2.1'
            - 'SIPDROID'
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win32; x32; rv:60.0)' # CobaltStrike https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tracking-oceanlotus-new-downloader-kerrdown/

        # Empire
            - 'Mozilla/6.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20140205     Firefox/27.0 Iceweasel/25.3.0'

        # Exploits
            - '*wordpress hash grabber*'
            - '*exploit*'

        # Havoc
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.110 Safari/537.36'  # https://github.com/HavocFramework/Havoc/issues/519
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

Crypto Miner User Agent

Detects suspicious user agent strings used by crypto miners in proxy logs

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id fa935401-513b-467b-81f4-f9e77aa0dd78 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Crypto Miner User Agent
id: fa935401-513b-467b-81f4-f9e77aa0dd78
status: test
description: Detects suspicious user agent strings used by crypto miners in proxy logs
references:
    - https://github.com/xmrig/xmrig/blob/da22b3e6c45825f3ac1f208255126cb8585cd4fc/src/base/kernel/Platform_win.cpp#L65
    - https://github.com/xmrig/xmrig/blob/427b6516e0550200c17ca28675118f0fffcc323f/src/version.h
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2019-10-21
modified: 2021-11-27
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.001
logsource:
    category: proxy
detection:
    selection:
        c-useragent|startswith:
        # XMRig
            - 'XMRig '
        # CCMiner
            - 'ccminer'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

Bitsadmin to Uncommon IP Server Address

Detects Bitsadmin connections to IP addresses instead of FQDN names

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id 8ccd35a2-1c7c-468b-b568-ac6cdf80eec3 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Bitsadmin to Uncommon IP Server Address
id: 8ccd35a2-1c7c-468b-b568-ac6cdf80eec3
status: test
description: Detects Bitsadmin connections to IP addresses instead of FQDN names
references:
    - https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Microsoft+BITS+Used+to+Download+Payloads/21027
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-06-10
modified: 2022-08-24
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.execution
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1071.001
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.t1197
    - attack.s0190
logsource:
    category: proxy
detection:
    selection:
        c-useragent|startswith: 'Microsoft BITS/'
        cs-host|endswith:
            - '1'
            - '2'
            - '3'
            - '4'
            - '5'
            - '6'
            - '7'
            - '8'
            - '9'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

Suspicious User Agent

Detects suspicious malformed user agent strings in proxy logs

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id 7195a772-4b3f-43a4-a210-6a003d65caa1 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Suspicious User Agent
id: 7195a772-4b3f-43a4-a210-6a003d65caa1
status: test
description: Detects suspicious malformed user agent strings in proxy logs
references:
    - https://github.com/fastly/waf_testbed/blob/8bfc406551f3045e418cbaad7596cff8da331dfc/templates/default/scanners-user-agents.data.erb
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2017-07-08
modified: 2022-10-31
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.001
logsource:
    category: proxy
detection:
    selection1:
        c-useragent|startswith:
            - 'user-agent'  # User-Agent: User-Agent:
            - 'Mozilla/3.0 '
            - 'Mozilla/2.0 '
            - 'Mozilla/1.0 '
            - 'Mozilla '  # missing slash
            - ' Mozilla/'  # leading space
            - 'Mozila/'  # single 'l'
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; MS Web Services Client Protocol'  # https://twitter.com/NtSetDefault/status/1303643299509567488
    selection2:
        c-useragent|contains:
            - ' (compatible;MSIE '  # typical typo - missing space
            - '.0;Windows NT '  # typical typo - missing space
            - 'loader'  # https://twitter.com/securityonion/status/1522614635152744453?s=20&t=gHyPTSq5A27EqKwrCd9ohg
    selection3:
        c-useragent:
            - '_'
            - 'CertUtil URL Agent'  # https://twitter.com/stvemillertime/status/985150675527974912
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:60.0)'  # CobaltStrike Beacon https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tracking-oceanlotus-new-downloader-kerrdown/
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:28.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/28.0'  # used by APT28 malware https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/inside-the-apt28-dll-backdoor-blitz.html
            - 'HTTPS'  # https://twitter.com/stvemillertime/status/1204437531632250880
            - 'Erbium-UA-4ce7c27cb4be9d32e333bf032c88235a'  # https://www.cyfirma.com/outofband/erbium-stealer-malware-report
            - 'x'  # Use by Racoon Stealer but could be something else
            - 'xxx'  # Use by Racoon Stealer but could be something else
    falsepositives:
        - c-useragent: 'Mozilla/3.0 * Acrobat *'  # Acrobat with linked content
        - cs-host|endswith: # Adobe product traffic, example: Mozilla/3.0 (compatible; Adobe Synchronizer 10.12.20000)
              - '.acrobat.com'
              - '.adobe.com'
              - '.adobe.io'
    condition: 1 of selection* and not falsepositives
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

HackTool - CobaltStrike Malleable Profile Patterns - Proxy

Detects cobalt strike malleable profiles patterns (URI, User-Agents, Methods).

status test author Markus Neis, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id f3f21ce1-cdef-4bfc-8328-ed2e826f5fac license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: HackTool - CobaltStrike Malleable Profile Patterns - Proxy
id: f3f21ce1-cdef-4bfc-8328-ed2e826f5fac
related:
    - id: 953b895e-5cc9-454b-b183-7f3db555452e
      type: obsolete
    - id: 41b42a36-f62c-4c34-bd40-8cb804a34ad8
      type: obsolete
    - id: 37325383-740a-403d-b1a2-b2b4ab7992e7
      type: obsolete
    - id: c9b33401-cc6a-4cf6-83bb-57ddcb2407fc
      type: obsolete
status: test
description: Detects cobalt strike malleable profiles patterns (URI, User-Agents, Methods).
references:
    - https://github.com/rsmudge/Malleable-C2-Profiles/blob/26323784672913923d20c5a638c6ca79459e8529/normal/amazon.profile
    - https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/ee5eca8648e45e2fea9dac0d920ef1a1792d8690c41ee7f20343de1927cc88b9?environmentId=100
    - https://github.com/rsmudge/Malleable-C2-Profiles/blob/26323784672913923d20c5a638c6ca79459e8529/normal/ocsp.profile
    - https://github.com/yeyintminthuhtut/Malleable-C2-Profiles-Collection/
    - https://github.com/rsmudge/Malleable-C2-Profiles/blob/26323784672913923d20c5a638c6ca79459e8529/normal/onedrive_getonly.profile
author: Markus Neis, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2024-02-15
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.001
logsource:
    category: proxy
detection:
    selection_amazon_1:
        c-useragent: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'
        cs-method: 'GET'
        c-uri: '/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_1/167-3294888-0262949/field-keywords=books'
        cs-host: 'www.amazon.com'
        cs-cookie|endswith: '=csm-hit=s-24KU11BB82RZSYGJ3BDK|1419899012996'
    selection_amazon_2:
        c-useragent: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'
        cs-method: 'POST'
        c-uri: '/N4215/adj/amzn.us.sr.aps'
        cs-host: 'www.amazon.com'
    selection_generic_1:
        c-useragent:
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0;Windows NT 5.1)'
            - 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E )'
            - 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.2) Java/1.5.0_08'
    selection_generic_2:
        c-useragent|endswith: '; MANM; MANM)'
    selection_oscp:
        c-uri|contains: '/oscp/'
        cs-host: 'ocsp.verisign.com'
    selection_onedrive:
        cs-method: 'GET'
        c-uri|endswith: '\?manifest=wac'
        cs-host: 'onedrive.live.com'
    filter_main_onedrive:
        c-uri|startswith: 'http'
        c-uri|contains: '://onedrive.live.com/'
    condition: 1 of selection_* and not 1 of filter_main_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

DNS TXT Answer with Possible Execution Strings

Detects strings used in command execution in DNS TXT Answer

status test author Markus Neis id 8ae51330-899c-4641-8125-e39f2e07da72 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: DNS TXT Answer with Possible Execution Strings
id: 8ae51330-899c-4641-8125-e39f2e07da72
status: test
description: Detects strings used in command execution in DNS TXT Answer
references:
    - https://twitter.com/stvemillertime/status/1024707932447854592
    - https://github.com/samratashok/nishang/blob/414ee1104526d7057f9adaeee196d91ae447283e/Backdoors/DNS_TXT_Pwnage.ps1
author: Markus Neis
date: 2018-08-08
modified: 2021-11-27
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.004
logsource:
    category: dns
detection:
    selection:
        record_type: 'TXT'
        answer|contains:
            - 'IEX'
            - 'Invoke-Expression'
            - 'cmd.exe'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

DNS Exfiltration and Tunneling Tools Execution

Well-known DNS Exfiltration tools execution

status test author Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community id 98a96a5a-64a0-4c42-92c5-489da3866cb0 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: DNS Exfiltration and Tunneling Tools Execution
id: 98a96a5a-64a0-4c42-92c5-489da3866cb0
status: test
description: Well-known DNS Exfiltration tools execution
references:
    - https://github.com/iagox86/dnscat2
    - https://github.com/yarrick/iodine
author: Daniil Yugoslavskiy, oscd.community
date: 2019-10-24
modified: 2021-11-27
tags:
    - attack.exfiltration
    - attack.t1048.001
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.004
    - attack.t1132.001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        - Image|endswith: '\iodine.exe'
        - Image|contains: '\dnscat2'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely
level: high

related high

Potential GobRAT File Discovery Via Grep

Detects the use of grep to discover specific files created by the GobRAT malware

status test author Joseliyo Sanchez, @Joseliyo_Jstnk id e34cfa0c-0a50-4210-9cb3-5632d08eb041 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Potential GobRAT File Discovery Via Grep
id: e34cfa0c-0a50-4210-9cb3-5632d08eb041
status: test
description: Detects the use of grep to discover specific files created by the GobRAT malware
references:
    - https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2023/05/gobrat.html
    - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/60bcd645450e4c846238cf0e7226dc40c84c96eba99f6b2cffcd0ab4a391c8b3/detection
    - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/3e44c807a25a56f4068b5b8186eee5002eed6f26d665a8b791c472ad154585d1/detection
author: Joseliyo Sanchez, @Joseliyo_Jstnk
date: 2023-06-02
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1082
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '/grep'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - 'apached'
            - 'frpc'
            - 'sshd.sh'
            - 'zone.arm'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

HackTool - WinPwn Execution - ScriptBlock

Detects scriptblock text keywords indicative of potential usge of the tool WinPwn. A tool for Windows and Active Directory reconnaissance and exploitation.

status test author Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel id 851fd622-b675-4d26-b803-14bc7baa517a license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: HackTool - WinPwn Execution - ScriptBlock
id: 851fd622-b675-4d26-b803-14bc7baa517a
related:
    - id: d557dc06-62e8-4468-a8e8-7984124908ce
      type: similar
status: test
description: |
    Detects scriptblock text keywords indicative of potential usge of the tool WinPwn. A tool for Windows and Active Directory reconnaissance and exploitation.
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel
date: 2023-12-04
references:
    - https://github.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn
    - https://www.publicnow.com/view/EB87DB49C654D9B63995FAD4C9DE3D3CC4F6C3ED?1671634841
    - https://reconshell.com/winpwn-tool-for-internal-windows-pentesting-and-ad-security/
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/4d6c4e8e23d465af7a2388620cfe3f8c76e16cf0/atomics/T1082/T1082.md
    - https://grep.app/search?q=winpwn&filter[repo][0]=redcanaryco/atomic-red-team
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.execution
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.t1046
    - attack.t1082
    - attack.t1106
    - attack.t1518
    - attack.t1548.002
    - attack.t1552.001
    - attack.t1555
    - attack.t1555.003
logsource:
    category: ps_script
    product: windows
    definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled'
detection:
    selection:
        ScriptBlockText|contains:
            - 'Offline_Winpwn'
            - 'WinPwn '
            - 'WinPwn.exe'
            - 'WinPwn.ps1'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - As the script block is a blob of text. False positive may occur with scripts that contain the keyword as a reference or simply use it for detection.
level: high

related high

Suspicious Kernel Dump Using Dtrace

Detects suspicious way to dump the kernel on Windows systems using dtrace.exe, which is available on Windows systems since Windows 10 19H1

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id 7124aebe-4cd7-4ccb-8df0-6d6b93c96795 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Suspicious Kernel Dump Using Dtrace
id: 7124aebe-4cd7-4ccb-8df0-6d6b93c96795
status: test
description: Detects suspicious way to dump the kernel on Windows systems using dtrace.exe, which is available on Windows systems since Windows 10 19H1
references:
    - https://twitter.com/0gtweet/status/1474899714290208777?s=12
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/devtest/dtrace
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2021-12-28
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1082
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection_plain:
        Image|endswith: '\dtrace.exe'
        CommandLine|contains: 'lkd(0)'
    selection_obfuscated:
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - 'syscall:::return'
            - 'lkd('
    condition: 1 of selection*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high
regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_dtrace_kernel_dump/info.yml

related high

HackTool - WinPwn Execution

Detects commandline keywords indicative of potential usge of the tool WinPwn. A tool for Windows and Active Directory reconnaissance and exploitation.

status test author Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel id d557dc06-62e8-4468-a8e8-7984124908ce license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: HackTool - WinPwn Execution
id: d557dc06-62e8-4468-a8e8-7984124908ce
related:
    - id: 851fd622-b675-4d26-b803-14bc7baa517a
      type: similar
status: test
description: |
    Detects commandline keywords indicative of potential usge of the tool WinPwn. A tool for Windows and Active Directory reconnaissance and exploitation.
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel
date: 2023-12-04
references:
    - https://github.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn
    - https://www.publicnow.com/view/EB87DB49C654D9B63995FAD4C9DE3D3CC4F6C3ED?1671634841
    - https://reconshell.com/winpwn-tool-for-internal-windows-pentesting-and-ad-security/
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/4d6c4e8e23d465af7a2388620cfe3f8c76e16cf0/atomics/T1082/T1082.md
    - https://grep.app/search?q=winpwn&filter[repo][0]=redcanaryco/atomic-red-team
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.execution
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.t1046
    - attack.t1082
    - attack.t1106
    - attack.t1518
    - attack.t1548.002
    - attack.t1552.001
    - attack.t1555
    - attack.t1555.003
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - 'Offline_Winpwn'
            - 'WinPwn '
            - 'WinPwn.exe'
            - 'WinPwn.ps1'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

HackTool - winPEAS Execution

WinPEAS is a script that search for possible paths to escalate privileges on Windows hosts. The checks are explained on book.hacktricks.xyz

status test author Georg Lauenstein (sure[secure]) id 98b53e78-ebaf-46f8-be06-421aafd176d9 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: HackTool - winPEAS Execution
id: 98b53e78-ebaf-46f8-be06-421aafd176d9
status: test
description: WinPEAS is a script that search for possible paths to escalate privileges on Windows hosts. The checks are explained on book.hacktricks.xyz
references:
    - https://github.com/carlospolop/PEASS-ng
    - https://book.hacktricks.xyz/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation
author: Georg Lauenstein (sure[secure])
date: 2022-09-19
modified: 2023-03-23
tags:
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1082
    - attack.t1087
    - attack.t1046
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_img:
        - OriginalFileName: 'winPEAS.exe'
        - Image|endswith:
              - '\winPEASany_ofs.exe'
              - '\winPEASany.exe'
              - '\winPEASx64_ofs.exe'
              - '\winPEASx64.exe'
              - '\winPEASx86_ofs.exe'
              - '\winPEASx86.exe'
    selection_cli_option:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ' applicationsinfo' # Search installed applications information
            - ' browserinfo' # Search browser information
            - ' eventsinfo' # Display interesting events information
            - ' fileanalysis' # Search specific files that can contains credentials and for regexes inside files
            - ' filesinfo' # Search generic files that can contains credentials
            - ' processinfo' # Search processes information
            - ' servicesinfo' # Search services information
            - ' windowscreds' # Search windows credentials
    selection_cli_dl:
        CommandLine|contains: 'https://github.com/carlospolop/PEASS-ng/releases/latest/download/'
    selection_cli_specific:
        - ParentCommandLine|endswith: ' -linpeas'
        - CommandLine|endswith: ' -linpeas'
    condition: 1 of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely
level: high

related high

Network Reconnaissance Activity

Detects a set of suspicious network related commands often used in recon stages

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id e6313acd-208c-44fc-a0ff-db85d572e90e license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Network Reconnaissance Activity
id: e6313acd-208c-44fc-a0ff-db85d572e90e
status: test
description: Detects a set of suspicious network related commands often used in recon stages
references:
    - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/02/07/qbot-likes-to-move-it-move-it/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-02-07
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1087
    - attack.t1082
    - car.2016-03-001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - 'nslookup'
            - '_ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - False positives depend on scripts and administrative tools used in the monitored environment
level: high

related high

Shell Execution GCC - Linux

Detects the use of the "gcc" utility to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or to break out from restricted environments.

status test author Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.) id 9b5de532-a757-4d70-946c-1f3e44f48b4d license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Shell Execution GCC  - Linux
id: 9b5de532-a757-4d70-946c-1f3e44f48b4d
status: test
description: |
    Detects the use of the "gcc" utility to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or to break out from restricted environments.
references:
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/gcc/#shell
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/c89/#shell
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/c99/#shell
    - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/linux-restricted-shell-breakout-via-linux-binary-s.html
author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.)
date: 2024-09-02
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1083
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith:
            - '/c89'
            - '/c99'
            - '/gcc'
        CommandLine|contains: '-wrapper'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '/bin/bash,-s'
            - '/bin/dash,-s'
            - '/bin/fish,-s'
            - '/bin/sh,-s'
            - '/bin/zsh,-s'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

Shell Execution via Find - Linux

Detects the use of the find command to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or exploitation attempt.

status test author Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.) id 6adfbf8f-52be-4444-9bac-81b539624146 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Shell Execution via Find - Linux
id: 6adfbf8f-52be-4444-9bac-81b539624146
status: test
description: |
    Detects the use of the find command to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or exploitation attempt.
references:
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/find/#shell
    - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/linux-restricted-shell-breakout-via-linux-binary-s.html
author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.)
date: 2024-09-02
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1083
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith: '/find'
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - ' . '
            - '-exec'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '/bin/bash'
            - '/bin/dash'
            - '/bin/fish'
            - '/bin/sh'
            - '/bin/zsh'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

Shell Execution via Flock - Linux

Detects the use of the "flock" command to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or to break out from restricted environments.

status test author Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.) id 4b09c71e-4269-4111-9cdd-107d8867f0cc license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Shell Execution via Flock - Linux
id: 4b09c71e-4269-4111-9cdd-107d8867f0cc
status: test
description: |
    Detects the use of the "flock" command to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or to break out from restricted environments.
references:
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/flock/#shell
    - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/linux-restricted-shell-breakout-via-linux-binary-s.html
author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.)
date: 2024-09-02
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1083
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith: '/flock'
        CommandLine|contains: ' -u '
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '/bin/bash'
            - '/bin/dash'
            - '/bin/fish'
            - '/bin/sh'
            - '/bin/zsh'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

Shell Execution via Nice - Linux

Detects the use of the "nice" utility to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or to break out from restricted environments.

status test author Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.) id 093d68c7-762a-42f4-9f46-95e79142571a license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Shell Execution via Nice - Linux
id: 093d68c7-762a-42f4-9f46-95e79142571a
status: test
description: |
    Detects the use of the "nice" utility to execute a shell. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or to break out from restricted environments.
references:
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/nice/#shell
    - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/linux-restricted-shell-breakout-via-linux-binary-s.html
author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.)
date: 2024-09-02
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1083
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '/nice'
        CommandLine|endswith:
            - '/bin/bash'
            - '/bin/dash'
            - '/bin/fish'
            - '/bin/sh'
            - '/bin/zsh'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

Vim GTFOBin Abuse - Linux

Detects the use of "vim" and it's siblings commands to execute a shell or proxy commands. Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or to break out from restricted environments.

status test author Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) id 7ab8f73a-fcff-428b-84aa-6a5ff7877dea license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Vim GTFOBin Abuse - Linux
id: 7ab8f73a-fcff-428b-84aa-6a5ff7877dea
status: test
description: |
    Detects the use of "vim" and it's siblings commands to execute a shell or proxy commands.
    Such behavior may be associated with privilege escalation, unauthorized command execution, or to break out from restricted environments.
references:
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/vim/
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/rvim/
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/vimdiff/
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-12-28
modified: 2024-09-02
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1083
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith:
            - '/rvim'
            - '/vim'
            - '/vimdiff'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ' --cmd'
            - ' -c '
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ':!/'
            - ':lua '
            - ':py '
            - '/bin/bash'
            - '/bin/dash'
            - '/bin/fish'
            - '/bin/sh'
            - '/bin/zsh'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

PUA - Seatbelt Execution

Detects the execution of the PUA/Recon tool Seatbelt via PE information of command line parameters

status test author Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) id 38646daa-e78f-4ace-9de0-55547b2d30da license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: PUA - Seatbelt Execution
id: 38646daa-e78f-4ace-9de0-55547b2d30da
status: test
description: Detects the execution of the PUA/Recon tool Seatbelt via PE information of command line parameters
references:
    - https://github.com/GhostPack/Seatbelt
    - https://www.bluetangle.dev/2022/08/fastening-seatbelt-on-threat-hunting.html
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-10-18
modified: 2023-02-04
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1526
    - attack.t1087
    - attack.t1083
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '\Seatbelt.exe'
        - OriginalFileName: 'Seatbelt.exe'
        - Description: 'Seatbelt'
        - CommandLine|contains:
              # This just a list of the commands that will produce the least amount of FP in "theory"
              # Comment out/in as needed in your environment
              # To get the full list of commands see reference section
              - ' DpapiMasterKeys'
              - ' InterestingProcesses'
              - ' InterestingFiles'
              - ' CertificateThumbprints'
              - ' ChromiumBookmarks'
              - ' ChromiumHistory'
              - ' ChromiumPresence'
              - ' CloudCredentials'
              - ' CredEnum'
              - ' CredGuard'
              - ' FirefoxHistory'
              - ' ProcessCreationEvents'
              # - ' RDPSessions'
              # - ' PowerShellHistory'
    selection_group_list:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ' -group=misc'
            - ' -group=remote'
            - ' -group=chromium'
            - ' -group=slack'
            - ' -group=system'
            - ' -group=user'
            - ' -group=all'
    selection_group_output:
        CommandLine|contains: ' -outputfile='
    condition: selection_img or all of selection_group_*
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely
level: high

related high

SharpHound Recon Account Discovery

Detects remote RPC calls useb by SharpHound to map remote connections and local group membership.

status test author Sagie Dulce, Dekel Paz id 65f77b1e-8e79-45bf-bb67-5988a8ce45a5 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: SharpHound Recon Account Discovery
id: 65f77b1e-8e79-45bf-bb67-5988a8ce45a5
status: test
description: Detects remote RPC calls useb by SharpHound to map remote connections and local group membership.
references:
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-wkst/55118c55-2122-4ef9-8664-0c1ff9e168f3
    - https://github.com/jsecurity101/MSRPC-to-ATTACK/blob/ddd4608fe8684fcf2fcf9b48c5f0b3c28097f8a3/documents/MS-WKST.md
    - https://github.com/zeronetworks/rpcfirewall
    - https://zeronetworks.com/blog/stopping-lateral-movement-via-the-rpc-firewall/
author: Sagie Dulce, Dekel Paz
date: 2022-01-01
tags:
    - attack.t1087
    - attack.discovery
logsource:
    product: rpc_firewall
    category: application
    definition: 'Requirements: install and apply the RPC Firewall to all processes with "audit:true action:block uuid:6bffd098-a112-3610-9833-46c3f87e345a opnum:2'
detection:
    selection:
        EventLog: RPCFW
        EventID: 3
        InterfaceUuid: 6bffd098-a112-3610-9833-46c3f87e345a
        OpNum: 2
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

HackTool - SOAPHound Execution

Detects the execution of SOAPHound, a .NET tool for collecting Active Directory data, using specific command-line arguments that may indicate an attempt to extract sensitive AD information.

status test author @kostastsale id e92a4287-e072-4a40-9739-370c106bb750 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: HackTool - SOAPHound Execution
id: e92a4287-e072-4a40-9739-370c106bb750
status: test
description: |
    Detects the execution of SOAPHound, a .NET tool for collecting Active Directory data, using specific command-line arguments that may indicate an attempt to extract sensitive AD information.
references:
    - https://github.com/FalconForceTeam/SOAPHound
    - https://medium.com/falconforce/soaphound-tool-to-collect-active-directory-data-via-adws-165aca78288c
author: '@kostastsale'
date: 2024-01-26
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1087
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection_1:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ' --buildcache '
            - ' --bhdump '
            - ' --certdump '
            - ' --dnsdump '
    selection_2:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ' -c '
            - ' --cachefilename '
            - ' -o '
            - ' --outputdirectory'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

OpenCanary - HTTPPROXY Login Attempt

Detects instances where an HTTPPROXY service on an OpenCanary node has had an attempt to proxy another page.

status test author Security Onion Solutions id 5498fc09-adc6-4804-b9d9-5cca1f0b8760 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: OpenCanary - HTTPPROXY Login Attempt
id: 5498fc09-adc6-4804-b9d9-5cca1f0b8760
status: test
description: |
    Detects instances where an HTTPPROXY service on an OpenCanary node has had an attempt to proxy another page.
references:
    - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration
    - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52
author: Security Onion Solutions
date: 2024-03-08
tags:
    - attack.initial-access
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1090
logsource:
    category: application
    product: opencanary
detection:
    selection:
        logtype: 7001
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely
level: high

related high

Malicious IP Address Sign-In Failure Rate

Indicates sign-in from a malicious IP address based on high failure rates.

status test author Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Gloria Lee, '@gleeiamglo' id a3f55ebd-0c01-4ed6-adc0-8fb76d8cd3cd license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Malicious IP Address Sign-In Failure Rate
id: a3f55ebd-0c01-4ed6-adc0-8fb76d8cd3cd
status: test
description: Indicates sign-in from a malicious IP address based on high failure rates.
references:
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/id-protection/concept-identity-protection-risks#malicious-ip-address
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-user-accounts#unusual-sign-ins
author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Gloria Lee, '@gleeiamglo'
date: 2023-09-07
tags:
    - attack.t1090
    - attack.command-and-control
logsource:
    product: azure
    service: riskdetection
detection:
    selection:
        riskEventType: 'maliciousIPAddress'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - We recommend investigating the sessions flagged by this detection in the context of other sign-ins from the user.
level: high

related high

Malicious IP Address Sign-In Suspicious

Indicates sign-in from a malicious IP address known to be malicious at time of sign-in.

status test author Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Gloria Lee, '@gleeiamglo' id 36440e1c-5c22-467a-889b-593e66498472 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Malicious IP Address Sign-In Suspicious
id: 36440e1c-5c22-467a-889b-593e66498472
status: test
description: Indicates sign-in from a malicious IP address known to be malicious at time of sign-in.
references:
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/id-protection/concept-identity-protection-risks#malicious-ip-address
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-user-accounts#unusual-sign-ins
author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Gloria Lee, '@gleeiamglo'
date: 2023-09-07
tags:
    - attack.t1090
    - attack.command-and-control
logsource:
    product: azure
    service: riskdetection
detection:
    selection:
        riskEventType: 'suspiciousIPAddress'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - We recommend investigating the sessions flagged by this detection in the context of other sign-ins from the user.
level: high

related high

Sign-In From Malware Infected IP

Indicates sign-ins from IP addresses infected with malware that is known to actively communicate with a bot server.

status test author Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Gloria Lee, '@gleeiamglo' id 821b4dc3-1295-41e7-b157-39ab212dd6bd license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Sign-In From Malware Infected IP
id: 821b4dc3-1295-41e7-b157-39ab212dd6bd
status: test
description: Indicates sign-ins from IP addresses infected with malware that is known to actively communicate with a bot server.
references:
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/id-protection/concept-identity-protection-risks#malware-linked-ip-address-deprecated
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/architecture/security-operations-user-accounts#unusual-sign-ins
author: Mark Morowczynski '@markmorow', Gloria Lee, '@gleeiamglo'
date: 2023-09-03
tags:
    - attack.t1090
    - attack.command-and-control
logsource:
    product: azure
    service: riskdetection
detection:
    selection:
        riskEventType: 'malwareInfectedIPAddress'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Using an IP address that is shared by many users
level: high

related high

Communication To LocaltoNet Tunneling Service Initiated - Linux

Detects an executable initiating a network connection to "LocaltoNet" tunneling sub-domains. LocaltoNet is a reverse proxy that enables localhost services to be exposed to the Internet. Attackers have been seen to use this service for command-and-control activities to bypass MFA and perimeter controls.

status test author Andreas Braathen (mnemonic.io) id c4568f5d-131f-4e78-83d4-45b2da0ec4f1 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Communication To LocaltoNet Tunneling Service Initiated - Linux
id: c4568f5d-131f-4e78-83d4-45b2da0ec4f1
status: test
description: |
    Detects an executable initiating a network connection to "LocaltoNet" tunneling sub-domains.
    LocaltoNet is a reverse proxy that enables localhost services to be exposed to the Internet.
    Attackers have been seen to use this service for command-and-control activities to bypass MFA and perimeter controls.
references:
    - https://localtonet.com/documents/supported-tunnels
    - https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/unc3944-targets-saas-applications
author: Andreas Braathen (mnemonic.io)
date: 2024-06-17
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1572
    - attack.t1090
    - attack.t1102
logsource:
    category: network_connection
    product: linux
detection:
    selection:
        DestinationHostname|endswith:
            - '.localto.net'
            - '.localtonet.com'
        Initiated: 'true'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of the LocaltoNet service.
level: high

related high

Communication To Ngrok Tunneling Service - Linux

Detects an executable accessing an ngrok tunneling endpoint, which could be a sign of forbidden exfiltration of data exfiltration by malicious actors

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id 19bf6fdb-7721-4f3d-867f-53467f6a5db6 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Communication To Ngrok Tunneling Service - Linux
id: 19bf6fdb-7721-4f3d-867f-53467f6a5db6
status: test
description: Detects an executable accessing an ngrok tunneling endpoint, which could be a sign of forbidden exfiltration of data exfiltration by malicious actors
references:
    - https://twitter.com/hakluke/status/1587733971814977537/photo/1
    - https://ngrok.com/docs/secure-tunnels/tunnels/ssh-reverse-tunnel-agent
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-11-03
tags:
    - attack.exfiltration
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1567
    - attack.t1568.002
    - attack.t1572
    - attack.t1090
    - attack.t1102
    - attack.s0508
logsource:
    product: linux
    category: network_connection
detection:
    selection:
        DestinationHostname|contains:
            - 'tunnel.us.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.eu.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.ap.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.au.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.sa.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.jp.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.in.ngrok.com'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of ngrok
level: high

related high

Communication To LocaltoNet Tunneling Service Initiated

status test author Andreas Braathen (mnemonic.io) id 3ab65069-d82a-4d44-a759-466661a082d1 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Communication To LocaltoNet Tunneling Service Initiated
id: 3ab65069-d82a-4d44-a759-466661a082d1
status: test
description: |
    Detects an executable initiating a network connection to "LocaltoNet" tunneling sub-domains.
    LocaltoNet is a reverse proxy that enables localhost services to be exposed to the Internet.
    Attackers have been seen to use this service for command-and-control activities to bypass MFA and perimeter controls.
references:
    - https://localtonet.com/documents/supported-tunnels
    - https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/unc3944-targets-saas-applications
author: Andreas Braathen (mnemonic.io)
date: 2024-06-17
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1572
    - attack.t1090
    - attack.t1102
logsource:
    category: network_connection
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        DestinationHostname|endswith:
            - '.localto.net'
            - '.localtonet.com'
        Initiated: 'true'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of the LocaltoNet service.
level: high

related high

Communication To Ngrok Tunneling Service Initiated

Detects an executable initiating a network connection to "ngrok" tunneling domains. Attackers were seen using this "ngrok" in order to store their second stage payloads and malware. While communication with such domains can be legitimate, often times is a sign of either data exfiltration by malicious actors or additional download.

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id 1d08ac94-400d-4469-a82f-daee9a908849 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Communication To Ngrok Tunneling Service Initiated
id: 1d08ac94-400d-4469-a82f-daee9a908849
related:
    - id: 18249279-932f-45e2-b37a-8925f2597670
      type: similar
status: test
description: |
    Detects an executable initiating a network connection to "ngrok" tunneling domains.
    Attackers were seen using this "ngrok" in order to store their second stage payloads and malware.
    While communication with such domains can be legitimate, often times is a sign of either data exfiltration by malicious actors or additional download.
references:
    - https://twitter.com/hakluke/status/1587733971814977537/photo/1
    - https://ngrok.com/docs/secure-tunnels/tunnels/ssh-reverse-tunnel-agent
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-11-03
modified: 2024-02-02
tags:
    - attack.exfiltration
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1567
    - attack.t1568.002
    - attack.t1572
    - attack.t1090
    - attack.t1102
    - attack.s0508
logsource:
    category: network_connection
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        DestinationHostname|contains:
            - 'tunnel.us.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.eu.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.ap.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.au.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.sa.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.jp.ngrok.com'
            - 'tunnel.in.ngrok.com'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of the ngrok service.
level: high

related high

RDP Port Forwarding Rule Added Via Netsh.EXE

Detects the execution of netsh to configure a port forwarding of port 3389 (RDP) rule

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), oscd.community id 782d6f3e-4c5d-4b8c-92a3-1d05fed72e63 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: RDP Port Forwarding Rule Added Via Netsh.EXE
id: 782d6f3e-4c5d-4b8c-92a3-1d05fed72e63
status: test
description: Detects the execution of netsh to configure a port forwarding of port 3389 (RDP) rule
references:
    - https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/bypassing-network-restrictions-through-rdp-tunneling.html
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), oscd.community
date: 2019-01-29
modified: 2023-02-13
tags:
    - attack.lateral-movement
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1090
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '\netsh.exe'
        - OriginalFileName: 'netsh.exe'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - ' i'
            - ' p'
            - '=3389'
            - ' c'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administration activity
level: high

related high

PUA - NPS Tunneling Tool Execution

Detects the use of NPS, a port forwarding and intranet penetration proxy server

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id 68d37776-61db-42f5-bf54-27e87072d17e license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: PUA - NPS Tunneling Tool Execution
id: 68d37776-61db-42f5-bf54-27e87072d17e
status: test
description: Detects the use of NPS, a port forwarding and intranet penetration proxy server
references:
    - https://github.com/ehang-io/nps
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-10-08
modified: 2024-11-23
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1090
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith: '\npc.exe'
    selection_cli_1:
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - ' -server='
            - ' -vkey='
            - ' -password='
    selection_cli_2:
        CommandLine|contains: ' -config=npc'
    selection_hashes:
        # v0.26.10
        Hashes|contains:
            - "MD5=AE8ACF66BFE3A44148964048B826D005"
            - "SHA1=CEA49E9B9B67F3A13AD0BE1C2655293EA3C18181"
            - "SHA256=5A456283392FFCEEEACA3D3426C306EB470304637520D72FED1CC1FEBBBD6856"
    condition: 1 of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use
level: high

related high

HackTool - Htran/NATBypass Execution

Detects executable names or flags used by Htran or Htran-like tools (e.g. NATBypass)

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id f5e3b62f-e577-4e59-931e-0a15b2b94e1e license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: HackTool - Htran/NATBypass Execution
id: f5e3b62f-e577-4e59-931e-0a15b2b94e1e
status: test
description: Detects executable names or flags used by Htran or Htran-like tools (e.g. NATBypass)
references:
    - https://github.com/HiwinCN/HTran
    - https://github.com/cw1997/NATBypass
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-12-27
modified: 2023-02-04
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1090
    - attack.s0040
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith:
            - '\htran.exe'
            - '\lcx.exe'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '.exe -tran '
            - '.exe -slave '
    condition: 1 of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

PUA - Fast Reverse Proxy (FRP) Execution

Detects the use of Fast Reverse Proxy. frp is a fast reverse proxy to help you expose a local server behind a NAT or firewall to the Internet.

status test author frack113, Florian Roth id 32410e29-5f94-4568-b6a3-d91a8adad863 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: PUA - Fast Reverse Proxy (FRP) Execution
id: 32410e29-5f94-4568-b6a3-d91a8adad863
status: test
description: Detects the use of Fast Reverse Proxy. frp is a fast reverse proxy to help you expose a local server behind a NAT or firewall to the Internet.
references:
    - https://asec.ahnlab.com/en/38156/
    - https://github.com/fatedier/frp
author: frack113, Florian Roth
date: 2022-09-02
modified: 2024-11-23
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1090
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith:
            - '\frpc.exe'
            - '\frps.exe'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains: '\frpc.ini'
    selection_hashes:
        # v0.44.0
        Hashes|contains:
            - "MD5=7D9C233B8C9E3F0EA290D2B84593C842"
            - "SHA1=06DDC9280E1F1810677935A2477012960905942F"
            - "SHA256=57B0936B8D336D8E981C169466A15A5FD21A7D5A2C7DAF62D5E142EE860E387C"
    condition: 1 of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use
level: high

related high

PUA- IOX Tunneling Tool Execution

Detects the use of IOX - a tool for port forwarding and intranet proxy purposes

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id d7654f02-e04b-4934-9838-65c46f187ebc license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: PUA- IOX Tunneling Tool Execution
id: d7654f02-e04b-4934-9838-65c46f187ebc
status: test
description: Detects the use of IOX - a tool for port forwarding and intranet proxy purposes
references:
    - https://github.com/EddieIvan01/iox
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-10-08
modified: 2024-11-23
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1090
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '\iox.exe'
    selection_commandline:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '.exe fwd -l '
            - '.exe fwd -r '
            - '.exe proxy -l '
            - '.exe proxy -r '
    selection_hashes:
        # v0.4
        Hashes|contains:
            - "MD5=9DB2D314DD3F704A02051EF5EA210993"
            - "SHA1=039130337E28A6623ECF9A0A3DA7D92C5964D8DD"
            - "SHA256=C6CF82919B809967D9D90EA73772A8AA1C1EB3BC59252D977500F64F1A0D6731"
    condition: 1 of selection*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use
level: high

related high

Ngrok Usage with Remote Desktop Service

Detects cases in which ngrok, a reverse proxy tool, forwards events to the local RDP port, which could be a sign of malicious behaviour

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id 64d51a51-32a6-49f0-9f3d-17e34d640272 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Ngrok Usage with Remote Desktop Service
id: 64d51a51-32a6-49f0-9f3d-17e34d640272
status: test
description: Detects cases in which ngrok, a reverse proxy tool, forwards events to the local RDP port, which could be a sign of malicious behaviour
references:
    - https://twitter.com/tekdefense/status/1519711183162556416?s=12&t=OTsHCBkQOTNs1k3USz65Zg
    - https://ngrok.com/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-04-29
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1090
logsource:
    product: windows
    service: terminalservices-localsessionmanager
detection:
    selection:
        EventID: 21
        Address|contains: '16777216'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

PUA - Netcat Suspicious Execution

Detects execution of Netcat. Adversaries may use a non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network

status test author frack113, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id e31033fc-33f0-4020-9a16-faf9b31cbf08 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: PUA - Netcat Suspicious Execution
id: e31033fc-33f0-4020-9a16-faf9b31cbf08
status: test
description: Detects execution of Netcat. Adversaries may use a non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network
references:
    - https://nmap.org/ncat/
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1095/T1095.md
    - https://www.revshells.com/
author: frack113, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2021-07-21
modified: 2023-02-08
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1095
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_img:
        # can not use OriginalFileName as is empty
        Image|endswith:
            - '\nc.exe'
            - '\ncat.exe'
            - '\netcat.exe'
    selection_cmdline:
        # Typical command lines
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ' -lvp '
            - ' -lvnp'
            - ' -l -v -p '
            - ' -lv -p '
            - ' -l --proxy-type http '
            # - ' --exec cmd.exe ' # Not specific enough for netcat
            - ' -vnl --exec '
            - ' -vnl -e '
            - ' --lua-exec '
            - ' --sh-exec '
    condition: 1 of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate ncat use
level: high

related high

New Connection Initiated To Potential Dead Drop Resolver Domain

Detects an executable, which is not an internet browser or known application, initiating network connections to legit popular websites, which were seen to be used as dead drop resolvers in previous attacks. In this context attackers leverage known websites such as "facebook", "youtube", etc. In order to pass through undetected.

status test author Sorina Ionescu, X__Junior (Nextron Systems) id 297ae038-edc2-4b2e-bb3e-7c5fc94dd5c7 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: New Connection Initiated To Potential Dead Drop Resolver Domain
id: 297ae038-edc2-4b2e-bb3e-7c5fc94dd5c7
related:
    - id: d7b09985-95a3-44be-8450-b6eadf49833e
      type: obsolete
status: test
description: |
    Detects an executable, which is not an internet browser or known application, initiating network connections to legit popular websites, which were seen to be used as dead drop resolvers in previous attacks.
    In this context attackers leverage known websites such as "facebook", "youtube", etc. In order to pass through undetected.
references:
    - https://web.archive.org/web/20220830134315/https://content.fireeye.com/apt-41/rpt-apt41/
    - https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/
    - https://blog.bushidotoken.net/2021/04/dead-drop-resolvers-espionage-inspired.html
    - https://github.com/kleiton0x00/RedditC2
    - https://twitter.com/kleiton0x7e/status/1600567316810551296
    - https://www.linkedin.com/posts/kleiton-kurti_github-kleiton0x00redditc2-abusing-reddit-activity-7009939662462984192-5DbI/?originalSubdomain=al
author: Sorina Ionescu, X__Junior (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-08-17
modified: 2024-10-21
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1102
    - attack.t1102.001
logsource:
    category: network_connection
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        Initiated: 'true'
        DestinationHostname|endswith:
            - '.t.me'
            - '4shared.com'
            - 'abuse.ch'
            - 'anonfiles.com'
            - 'cdn.discordapp.com'
            - 'cloudflare.com'
            - 'ddns.net'
            - 'discord.com'
            - 'docs.google.com'
            - 'drive.google.com'
            - 'dropbox.com'
            - 'dropmefiles.com'
            - 'facebook.com'
            - 'feeds.rapidfeeds.com'
            - 'fotolog.com'
            - 'ghostbin.co/'
            - 'githubusercontent.com'
            - 'gofile.io'
            - 'hastebin.com'
            - 'imgur.com'
            - 'livejournal.com'
            - 'mediafire.com'
            - 'mega.co.nz'
            - 'mega.nz'
            - 'onedrive.com'
            - 'pages.dev'
            - 'paste.ee'
            - 'pastebin.com'
            - 'pastebin.pl'
            - 'pastetext.net'
            - 'pixeldrain.com'
            - 'privatlab.com'
            - 'privatlab.net'
            - 'reddit.com'
            - 'send.exploit.in'
            - 'sendspace.com'
            - 'steamcommunity.com'
            - 'storage.googleapis.com'
            - 'technet.microsoft.com'
            - 'temp.sh'
            - 'transfer.sh'
            - 'trycloudflare.com'
            - 'twitter.com'
            - 'ufile.io'
            - 'vimeo.com'
            - 'w3spaces.com'
            - 'wetransfer.com'
            - 'workers.dev'
            - 'youtube.com'
    # Note: Add/Remove browsers/applications that you don't use or those that have custom install locations
    # Note: To avoid complex conditions the filters for some apps are generic by name only. A custom tuning is recommended for best results
    filter_main_chrome:
        Image:
            - 'C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe'
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe'
    filter_main_chrome_appdata:
        Image|startswith: 'C:\Users\'
        Image|endswith: '\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe'
    filter_main_firefox:
        Image:
            - 'C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe'
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe'
    filter_main_firefox_appdata:
        Image|startswith: 'C:\Users\'
        Image|endswith: '\AppData\Local\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe'
    filter_main_ie:
        Image:
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe'
            - 'C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe'
    filter_main_edge_1:
        - Image|startswith: 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\EdgeWebView\Application\'
        - Image|endswith: '\WindowsApps\MicrosoftEdge.exe'
        - Image:
              - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe'
              - 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe'
    filter_main_edge_2:
        Image|startswith:
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\EdgeCore\'
            - 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft\EdgeCore\'
        Image|endswith:
            - '\msedge.exe'
            - '\msedgewebview2.exe'
    filter_main_safari:
        Image|contains:
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Safari\'
            - 'C:\Program Files\Safari\'
        Image|endswith: '\safari.exe'
    filter_main_defender:
        Image|contains:
            - 'C:\Program Files\Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection\'
            - 'C:\Program Files\Windows Defender\'
            - 'C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Platform\'
        Image|endswith:
            - '\MsMpEng.exe' # Microsoft Defender executable
            - '\MsSense.exe' # Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection Service Executable
    filter_main_prtg:
        # Paessler's PRTG Network Monitor
        Image|endswith:
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\PRTG Network Monitor\PRTG Probe.exe'
            - 'C:\Program Files\PRTG Network Monitor\PRTG Probe.exe'
    filter_main_brave:
        Image|startswith: 'C:\Program Files\BraveSoftware\'
        Image|endswith: '\brave.exe'
    filter_main_maxthon:
        Image|contains: '\AppData\Local\Maxthon\'
        Image|endswith: '\maxthon.exe'
    filter_main_opera:
        Image|contains: '\AppData\Local\Programs\Opera\'
        Image|endswith: '\opera.exe'
    filter_main_seamonkey:
        Image|startswith:
            - 'C:\Program Files\SeaMonkey\'
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\SeaMonkey\'
        Image|endswith: '\seamonkey.exe'
    filter_main_vivaldi:
        Image|contains: '\AppData\Local\Vivaldi\'
        Image|endswith: '\vivaldi.exe'
    filter_main_whale:
        Image|startswith:
            - 'C:\Program Files\Naver\Naver Whale\'
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Naver\Naver Whale\'
        Image|endswith: '\whale.exe'
    # Note: The TOR browser shouldn't be something you allow in your corporate network.
    # filter_main_tor:
    #     Image|contains: '\Tor Browser\'
    filter_main_whaterfox:
        Image|startswith:
            - 'C:\Program Files\Waterfox\'
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Waterfox\'
        Image|endswith: '\Waterfox.exe'
    filter_main_midori:
        Image|contains: '\AppData\Local\Programs\midori-ng\'
        Image|endswith: '\Midori Next Generation.exe'
    filter_main_slimbrowser:
        Image|startswith:
            - 'C:\Program Files\SlimBrowser\'
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\SlimBrowser\'
        Image|endswith: '\slimbrowser.exe'
    filter_main_flock:
        Image|contains: '\AppData\Local\Flock\'
        Image|endswith: '\Flock.exe'
    filter_main_phoebe:
        Image|contains: '\AppData\Local\Phoebe\'
        Image|endswith: '\Phoebe.exe'
    filter_main_falkon:
        Image|startswith:
            - 'C:\Program Files\Falkon\'
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Falkon\'
        Image|endswith: '\falkon.exe'
    filter_main_qtweb:
        Image|startswith:
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\QtWeb\'
            - 'C:\Program Files\QtWeb\'
        Image|endswith: '\QtWeb.exe'
    filter_main_avant:
        Image|startswith:
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Avant Browser\'
            - 'C:\Program Files\Avant Browser\'
        Image|endswith: '\avant.exe'
    filter_main_whatsapp:
        Image|startswith:
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\WindowsApps\'
            - 'C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\'
        Image|endswith: '\WhatsApp.exe'
        DestinationHostname|endswith: 'facebook.com'
    filter_main_telegram:
        Image|contains: '\AppData\Roaming\Telegram Desktop\'
        Image|endswith: '\Telegram.exe'
        DestinationHostname|endswith: '.t.me'
    filter_main_onedrive:
        Image|contains: '\AppData\Local\Microsoft\OneDrive\'
        Image|endswith: '\OneDrive.exe'
        DestinationHostname|endswith: 'onedrive.com'
    filter_main_dropbox:
        Image|startswith:
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Dropbox\Client\'
            - 'C:\Program Files\Dropbox\Client\'
        Image|endswith:
            - '\Dropbox.exe'
            - '\DropboxInstaller.exe'
        DestinationHostname|endswith: 'dropbox.com'
    filter_main_mega:
        Image|endswith:
            # Note: This is a basic/best effort filter in order to avoid FP with the MEGA installer and executable.
            #       In practice please apply exact path to avoid basic path bypass techniques.
            - '\MEGAsync.exe'
            - '\MEGAsyncSetup32_*RC.exe' # Beta versions
            - '\MEGAsyncSetup32.exe' # Installers 32bit
            - '\MEGAsyncSetup64.exe' # Installers 64bit
            - '\MEGAupdater.exe'
        DestinationHostname|endswith:
            - 'mega.co.nz'
            - 'mega.nz'
    filter_main_googledrive:
        Image|contains:
            - 'C:\Program Files\Google\Drive File Stream\'
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Drive File Stream\'
        Image|endswith: 'GoogleDriveFS.exe'
        DestinationHostname|endswith: 'drive.google.com'
    filter_main_discord:
        Image|contains: '\AppData\Local\Discord\'
        Image|endswith: '\Discord.exe'
        DestinationHostname|endswith:
            - 'discord.com'
            - 'cdn.discordapp.com'
    filter_main_null:
        Image: null
    filter_main_empty:
        Image: ''
    # filter_optional_qlik:
    #     Image|endswith: '\Engine.exe' # Process from qlik.com app
    condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_*
falsepositives:
    - One might need to exclude other internet browsers found in it's network or other applications like ones mentioned above from Microsoft Defender.
    - Ninite contacting githubusercontent.com
level: high

related high

Process Initiated Network Connection To Ngrok Domain

Detects an executable initiating a network connection to "ngrok" domains. Attackers were seen using this "ngrok" in order to store their second stage payloads and malware. While communication with such domains can be legitimate, often times is a sign of either data exfiltration by malicious actors or additional download.

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id 18249279-932f-45e2-b37a-8925f2597670 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Process Initiated Network Connection To Ngrok Domain
id: 18249279-932f-45e2-b37a-8925f2597670
related:
    - id: 1d08ac94-400d-4469-a82f-daee9a908849
      type: similar
status: test
description: |
    Detects an executable initiating a network connection to "ngrok" domains.
    Attackers were seen using this "ngrok" in order to store their second stage payloads and malware.
    While communication with such domains can be legitimate, often times is a sign of either data exfiltration by malicious actors or additional download.
references:
    - https://ngrok.com/
    - https://ngrok.com/blog-post/new-ngrok-domains
    - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/cca0c1182ac114b44dc52dd2058fcd38611c20bb6b5ad84710681d38212f835a/
    - https://www.rnbo.gov.ua/files/2023_YEAR/CYBERCENTER/november/APT29%20attacks%20Embassies%20using%20CVE-2023-38831%20-%20report%20en.pdf
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-07-16
modified: 2025-07-30
tags:
    - attack.exfiltration
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1567
    - attack.t1572
    - attack.t1102
logsource:
    category: network_connection
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        Initiated: 'true'
        DestinationHostname|endswith:
            - '.ngrok-free.app'
            - '.ngrok-free.dev'
            - '.ngrok.app'
            - '.ngrok.dev'
            - '.ngrok.io'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of the ngrok service.
# Note: The level of this rule is related to your internal policy.
level: high

related high

Suspicious Child Process Of Manage Engine ServiceDesk

Detects suspicious child processes of the "Manage Engine ServiceDesk Plus" Java web service

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id cea2b7ea-792b-405f-95a1-b903ea06458f license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Suspicious Child Process Of Manage Engine ServiceDesk
id: cea2b7ea-792b-405f-95a1-b903ea06458f
status: test
description: Detects suspicious child processes of the "Manage Engine ServiceDesk Plus" Java web service
references:
    - https://www.horizon3.ai/manageengine-cve-2022-47966-technical-deep-dive/
    - https://github.com/horizon3ai/CVE-2022-47966/blob/3a51c6b72ebbd87392babd955a8fbeaee2090b35/CVE-2022-47966.py
    - https://blog.viettelcybersecurity.com/saml-show-stopper/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2023-01-18
modified: 2023-08-29
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1102
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        ParentImage|contains|all:
            - '\ManageEngine\ServiceDesk\'
            - '\java.exe'
        Image|endswith:
            - '\AppVLP.exe'
            - '\bash.exe'
            - '\bitsadmin.exe'
            - '\calc.exe'
            - '\certutil.exe'
            - '\cscript.exe'
            - '\curl.exe'
            - '\forfiles.exe'
            - '\mftrace.exe'
            - '\mshta.exe'
            - '\net.exe'
            - '\net1.exe'
            - '\notepad.exe'  # Often used in POCs
            - '\powershell.exe'
            - '\pwsh.exe'
            - '\query.exe'
            - '\reg.exe'
            - '\schtasks.exe'
            - '\scrcons.exe'
            - '\sh.exe'
            - '\systeminfo.exe'
            - '\whoami.exe'  # Often used in POCs
            - '\wmic.exe'
            - '\wscript.exe'
            # - '\hh.exe'
            # - '\regsvr32.exe'
            # - '\rundll32.exe'
            # - '\scriptrunner.exe'
    filter_main_net:
        Image|endswith:
            - '\net.exe'
            - '\net1.exe'
        CommandLine|contains: ' stop'
    condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate sub processes started by Manage Engine ServiceDesk Pro
level: high

related high

Network Communication Initiated To File Sharing Domains From Process Located In Suspicious Folder

Detects executables located in potentially suspicious directories initiating network connections towards file sharing domains.

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) id e0f8ab85-0ac9-423b-a73a-81b3c7b1aa97 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Network Communication Initiated To File Sharing Domains From Process Located In Suspicious Folder
id: e0f8ab85-0ac9-423b-a73a-81b3c7b1aa97
related:
    - id: 635dbb88-67b3-4b41-9ea5-a3af2dd88153
      type: obsolete
status: test
description: Detects executables located in potentially suspicious directories initiating network connections towards file sharing domains.
references:
    - https://twitter.com/M_haggis/status/900741347035889665
    - https://twitter.com/M_haggis/status/1032799638213066752
    - https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/ransomware-hive-conti-avoslocker
    - https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-321a
    - https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/e37fb2eef8ff8f5a0a689f1589f424906fe13055/data/module_source/exfil/Invoke-ExfilDataToGitHub.ps1
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2018-08-30
modified: 2025-12-10
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1105
logsource:
    category: network_connection
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_paths:
        Image|contains:
            - ':\$Recycle.bin'
            - ':\Perflogs\'
            - ':\Temp\'
            - ':\Users\Default\'
            - ':\Users\Public\'
            - ':\Windows\Fonts\'
            - ':\Windows\IME\'
            - ':\Windows\System32\Tasks\'
            - ':\Windows\Tasks\'
            - ':\Windows\Temp\'
            - '\AppData\Temp\'
            - '\config\systemprofile\'
            - '\Windows\addins\'
    selection_domains:
        Initiated: 'true'
        DestinationHostname|endswith:
            - '.githubusercontent.com'       # Includes both gists and github repositories / Michael Haag (idea)
            - 'anonfiles.com'
            - 'cdn.discordapp.com'
            - 'ddns.net'
            - 'dl.dropboxusercontent.com'
            - 'ghostbin.co'
            - 'github.com'
            - 'glitch.me'
            - 'gofile.io'
            - 'hastebin.com'
            - 'mediafire.com'
            - 'mega.co.nz'
            - 'mega.nz'
            - 'onrender.com'
            - 'pages.dev'
            - 'paste.ee'
            - 'pastebin.com'
            - 'pastebin.pl'
            - 'pastetext.net'
            - 'pixeldrain.com'
            - 'privatlab.com'
            - 'privatlab.net'
            - 'send.exploit.in'
            - 'sendspace.com'
            - 'storage.googleapis.com'
            - 'storjshare.io'
            - 'supabase.co'
            - 'temp.sh'
            - 'transfer.sh'
            - 'trycloudflare.com'
            - 'ufile.io'
            - 'w3spaces.com'
            - 'workers.dev'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Some installers located in the temp directory might communicate with the Github domains in order to download additional software. Baseline these cases or move the github domain to a lower level hunting rule.
level: high

related high

Network Connection Initiated From Process Located In Potentially Suspicious Or Uncommon Location

Detects a network connection initiated by programs or processes running from suspicious or uncommon files system locations.

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems) id 7b434893-c57d-4f41-908d-6a17bf1ae98f license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Network Connection Initiated From Process Located In Potentially Suspicious Or Uncommon Location
id: 7b434893-c57d-4f41-908d-6a17bf1ae98f
status: test
description: |
    Detects a network connection initiated by programs or processes running from suspicious or uncommon files system locations.
references:
    - https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/17pSTDNpa0sf6pHeRhusvWG6rThciE8CsXTSlDUAZDyo
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2017-03-19
modified: 2025-12-10
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1105
logsource:
    category: network_connection
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        Initiated: 'true'
        Image|contains:
            - ':\$Recycle.bin'
            - ':\Perflogs\'
            - ':\Temp\'
            - ':\Users\Default\'
            - ':\Users\Public\'
            - ':\Windows\Fonts\'
            - ':\Windows\IME\'
            - ':\Windows\System32\Tasks\'
            - ':\Windows\Tasks\'
            - '\config\systemprofile\'
            - '\Contacts\'
            - '\Favorites\'
            - '\Favourites\'
            - '\Music\'
            - '\Pictures\'
            - '\Videos\'
            - '\Windows\addins\'
    filter_main_domains:
        # Note: We exclude these domains to avoid duplicate filtering from e0f8ab85-0ac9-423b-a73a-81b3c7b1aa97
        DestinationHostname|endswith:
            - '.githubusercontent.com'       # Includes both gists and github repositories / Michael Haag (idea)
            - 'anonfiles.com'
            - 'cdn.discordapp.com'
            - 'ddns.net'
            - 'dl.dropboxusercontent.com'
            - 'ghostbin.co'
            - 'github.com'
            - 'glitch.me'
            - 'gofile.io'
            - 'hastebin.com'
            - 'mediafire.com'
            - 'mega.co.nz'
            - 'mega.nz'
            - 'onrender.com'
            - 'pages.dev'
            - 'paste.ee'
            - 'pastebin.com'
            - 'pastebin.pl'
            - 'pastetext.net'
            - 'portmap.io'  # https://pro.twitter.com/JaromirHorejsi/status/1795001037746761892/photo/2
            - 'privatlab.com'
            - 'privatlab.net'
            - 'send.exploit.in'
            - 'sendspace.com'
            - 'storage.googleapis.com'
            - 'storjshare.io'
            - 'supabase.co'
            - 'temp.sh'
            - 'transfer.sh'
            - 'trycloudflare.com'
            - 'ufile.io'
            - 'w3spaces.com'
            - 'workers.dev'
    condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

Outbound Network Connection Initiated By Script Interpreter

Detects a script interpreter wscript/cscript opening a network connection to a non-local network. Adversaries may use script to download malicious payloads.

status test author frack113, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id 992a6cae-db6a-43c8-9cec-76d7195c96fc license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Outbound Network Connection Initiated By Script Interpreter
id: 992a6cae-db6a-43c8-9cec-76d7195c96fc
related:
    - id: 08249dc0-a28d-4555-8ba5-9255a198e08c
      type: derived
status: test
description: Detects a script interpreter wscript/cscript opening a network connection to a non-local network. Adversaries may use script to download malicious payloads.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/28d190330fe44de6ff4767fc400cc10fa7cd6540/atomics/T1105/T1105.md
author: frack113, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-08-28
modified: 2024-03-13
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1105
logsource:
    category: network_connection
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        Initiated: 'true'
        Image|endswith:
            - '\wscript.exe'
            - '\cscript.exe'
    filter_main_local_ranges:
        DestinationIp|cidr:
            - '127.0.0.0/8'
            - '10.0.0.0/8'
            - '172.16.0.0/12'
            - '192.168.0.0/16'
            - '169.254.0.0/16'
            - '::1/128'  # IPv6 loopback
            - 'fe80::/10'  # IPv6 link-local addresses
            - 'fc00::/7'  # IPv6 private addresses
    filter_main_ms_ranges:
        DestinationIp|cidr: '20.0.0.0/11' # Microsoft range, caused some FPs
    condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate scripts
level: high

related high

Uncommon Network Connection Initiated By Certutil.EXE

Detects a network connection initiated by the certutil.exe utility. Attackers can abuse the utility in order to download malware or additional payloads.

status test author frack113, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id 0dba975d-a193-4ed1-a067-424df57570d1 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Uncommon Network Connection Initiated By Certutil.EXE
id: 0dba975d-a193-4ed1-a067-424df57570d1
status: test
description: |
    Detects a network connection initiated by the certutil.exe utility.
    Attackers can abuse the utility in order to download malware or additional payloads.
references:
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/certutil
author: frack113, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-09-02
modified: 2024-05-31
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1105
logsource:
    category: network_connection
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '\certutil.exe'
        Initiated: 'true'
        DestinationPort:
            - 80
            - 135
            - 443
            - 445
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

related high

Suspicious Dropbox API Usage

Detects an executable that isn't dropbox but communicates with the Dropbox API

status test author Florian Roth (Nextron Systems) id 25eabf56-22f0-4915-a1ed-056b8dae0a68 license Sigma · DRL-1.1

view Sigma YAML

title: Suspicious Dropbox API Usage
id: 25eabf56-22f0-4915-a1ed-056b8dae0a68
status: test
description: Detects an executable that isn't dropbox but communicates with the Dropbox API
references:
    - https://app.any.run/tasks/7e906adc-9d11-447f-8641-5f40375ecebb
    - https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/new-espionage-attack-molerats-apt-targeting-users-middle-east
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-04-20
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.exfiltration
    - attack.t1105
    - attack.t1567.002
logsource:
    category: network_connection
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        Initiated: 'true'
        DestinationHostname|endswith:
            - 'api.dropboxapi.com'
            - 'content.dropboxapi.com'
    filter_main_legit_dropbox:
        # Note: It's better to add a specific path to the exact location(s) where dropbox is installed
        Image|contains: '\Dropbox'
    condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of the API with a tool that the author wasn't aware of
level: high

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